Modulation of human melanoma cell proliferation and apoptosis by hydatid cyst fluid of <em>Echinococcus granulosus</em>

Abstract

ObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to assess the effects of hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) of Echinococcus granulosus on melanoma A375 cell proliferation and apoptosis.MethodsA375 cells were classified into five groups by in vitro culture: normal group, control group, 10% HCF group, 20% HCF group and 30% HCF group. Trypan blue staining method was employed to detect the toxicity of HCF. Effects of different concentrations of HCF on melanoma A375 cell proliferation at different time points were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Flow cytometry and propidium iodide (PI) staining were used to detect cell cycle, and Annexin-V/PI double staining method was used to determine A375 cell apoptotic rate. Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cell-cycle-related proteins (cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin D1 and cyclin E) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3).ResultsHCF with a high concentration was considered as atoxic to A375 cells. HCF promoted A375 cell proliferation, and the effects got stronger with an increase in concentrations but was retarded after reaching a certain range of concentrations. HCF increased phosphorylation level and expression of extracellular regulated protein kinase, as well as PCNA expression. HCF also promoted the transferring progression of A375 cells from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase to increase the cell number in S phase and increased the expression of cyclin A, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. HCF increased the expression of procaspase-3 (the precursor of apoptosis-related protein caspase-3) and antiapoptotic protein-Bcl-2, and decreased the expression of proapoptotic factor Bax, thereby inhibiting cell apoptosis.ConclusionAs a result, this study confirmed that HCF promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of melanoma A375 cells.

MicroRNA-145 enhances lung cancer cell progression after exposure to lyophilized fertile hydatid cyst fluid ofEchinococcus granulosussensu stricto

“…The anticancer property of HCF metabolites has been previously investigated in various cancer lines including breast, colon, melanoma, cervical, adenocarcinoma and pancreatic [5][6][7]19].…”

Interactions between hydatid cyst and regulated cell death may provide new therapeutic opportunities

“…This contact may lead to unexpected adverse effects, such as the pro or anti-cancer properties of some components of HCF. Based on the observation that HCF activates the MAPK signaling pathway in rat liver cells, authors tested its effect on melanoma cell line A375 [16]. Using MTT assays (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium Table 1.…”

“…Based on that assumption, one could speculate that anti-cancer therapeutic approaches, including radiotherapy, should be tested to induce regulated cell death (RCD) of the parasite [25]. The second option is to address the issue of pro-apoptotic effects of HCF produced during infection of the intermediate host, and to test the hypothesis of potential value of certain specific compounds of this fluid as therapeutic agents for human cancers, including melanoma and breast cancer [11,14,16,39,51]. These two approaches may open an extensive research area, provided preliminary results obtained to date are consolidated and confirmed in large controlled studies.…”

Study on the mechanism of miRNAs on liver injury in the condition of Protoscocephalus alveolarus transhepatic portal vein infection

“…5,6 The prevalence and incidence of CE is higher than AE. 7,8 But the damage of CE to the body is significantly higher than that of AE. CE is relatively easy to diagnose by B-ultrasound imaging, and it can be removed by surgery.…”

“…The most common site of disease is mainly in the liver, and a few can also be found in the lungs and other organs 5,6 . The prevalence and incidence of CE is higher than AE 7,8 . But the damage of CE to the body is significantly higher than that of AE.…”