Modulation of Human Visual Evoked Potentials in 3-Dimensional Perception After Stimuli Produced With an Integral Imaging Method

Abstract

We investigated the neurophysiological correlates of stereoscopic 3-dimensional (3-D) depth perception by studying human visual evoked potentials (VEPs) with an integral imaging method characterized by horizontal but not vertical disparity. The VEPs were recorded in 10 healthy men under 4 conditions. In condition I, stimuli A (flat, 2-dimensional [2-D] image) and B (concave 3-D image) were presented at random. In condition II, stimuli A and C (convex 3-D image) were presented at random. In condition III, stimuli B and C were presented at random. In condition IV, stimuli A, B, and C were presented at random. The data for flat VEPs to stimulus A were combined in conditions I and II. The data for concave VEPs to stimulus B were combined in conditions I and III. The data for convex VEPs to stimulus C were combined in conditions II and III. When 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 2 factors, stimulus conditions (flat VEPs, concave VEPs, and convex VEPs) and electrode positions, was applied for VEP data, the N1 and N2 peak amplitudes differed significantly among the 3 stimulus conditions. In condition IV, the N1 peak amplitudes differed significantly among the 3 stimuli. Multiple comparisons followed by Bonferroni adjustment did not detect differences in the N1 peak amplitude between stimuli A and B, between stimuli A and C, or between stimuli B and C. We concluded that VEPs to concave or convex 3-D stimuli were significantly different from VEPs to flat 2-D stimuli. This is the first report showing modulation of human VEPs in 3-D perception with an integral imaging method.

Investigating the neural activity of various 3D visual fatigue degrees using depth‐related visual evoked potentials

“…According to Regan and Beverley's research, 7 a positive‐going wave with 120‐ms latency occurring prior to the prominent negative peak was generated by depth movement of the RDS stimulus. Other studies also confirmed the relationship between P 120 and the processing of depth cures 28,29 . Meanwhile, Lambooij et al 2 also mentioned that this depth‐related movement was one of the main factors that lead to visual fatigue.…”

Comparison of DP3 Signals Evoked by Comfortable 3D Images and 2D Images — an Event-Related Potential Study using an Oddball Task

“…Some studies show that after watching a period of 3D movies the accumulative visual fatigue could cause changes of EEG-related signals, such as the energy in certain wavebands 18 , the steady-state evoked potential (SSVEP) or the P600 (a delayed member of the P3 component) 19 . For real-time measurements, some studies have found that small horizontal disparities did have influences on early event-related potential (ERP) components 20 21 22 23 24 , such as P1 20 , N1 23 24 , P2 24 and N2 23 . The later ERP components, however, have been less investigated when watching the comfortable 3D images.…”

“…As introduced above, the fatigue of watching 3D displays is usually indicated by subjectively reported tiredness 2 3 . For the underlying mechanisms, while previous studies have majorly examined the early low-level processing 20 21 22 23 24 , the role of the high-level attentional processing in the 3D-related fatigue has been less investigated.…”