Modulation of inflammation-related genes of polysaccharides fractionated from mycelia of medicinal basidiomycete Antrodia camphorata

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the effect of water soluble‐ethanol precipitation fraction (AC‐1) and alkaline extraction‐isoelectric precipitation fraction (AC‐2) from Antrodia camphorata (Polyporaceae, Aphyllophorales) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced gene activation in mouse macrophages. Methods: The AC‐1 and AC‐2 fractions were prepared, and their effects on LPS‐induced gene expression were monitored by Western blotting and RT‐PCR. Results: Our results indicated that AC‐2, but not AC‐1 dose‐dependently (50–200 mg/L) inhibited LPS‐induced nitric oxide production as well as the protein and the mRNA expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene. Neither AC‐1 nor AC‐2 inhibited LPS‐induced cyclooxygenase‐2 gene expression. Using the cytokine array assay, it showed that AC‐2 also had the ability to inhibit LPS‐induced the protein expression of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10, the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐5, and regulated upon activation, normal T‐cell expressed, and presumably secreted (RANTES). Like iNOS, AC‐2 inhibiting LPS‐induced IL‐6 and IL‐10 secretion resulted from inhibiting their mRNA expression. Conclusion: It was suggested that alkaline extraction‐isoelectric precipitated the polysaccharide fraction of A camphorata and had the ability to inhibit LPS‐induced iNOS, IL‐6, IL‐10, MCP‐5, and RANTES expression in mouse macrophages.

Macrophage Mediated Anti-Proliferation Effects ofAnthodia camphorataNon-Polysaccharide Based Extracts on Human Hepatoma Cells

“…These antioxidant results are consistent with previous studies, 33,34) in which it was reported that polysaccharides from water extracts of submerged culture mycelia (similar to our preparation of AC-PS) displayed better antioxidant capabilities than extracts of non-submerged culture mycelia or dry matter from the culture medium. 21,35) Therefore, although in the present study AC-PS did not show any significant anti-tumor effects as AC-FB and AC-SS did, it might have better anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects than AC-FB or AC-SS.…”

“…26,27) The Mw of AC-PS was much higher (400 to above 20,000 Da) than that of AC-FB or AC-SS, suggesting that the AC-PS, which are water extracts of cultured mycelium, had different polysaccharide fractions than other preparations. [28][29][30] In addition, we found that AC-PS contained the largest amounts of polysaccharides of all the A. camphorata extracts (AC-PS, 29.5 mg/mL versus 0.1, 0.2, 5.9 for AC-FB, AC-SS and AC-LS respectively).…”

Investigating Lignocellulose in Cornstalk Pretreated with Trametes pubescens Cui 7571 to Improve Enzymatic Saccharification

“…These results demonstrated that lignin removal rendered xylan more accessible to xylanase, which in turn rendered cellulose more accessible to cellulase, as noted previously (Kumar and Wyman 2009). Interestingly, the brown-rot fungus Antrodia wangii Cui 7568 did not remove lignin but interfered with lignocellulose decaying to polysaccharides (Wu et al 2007). It also contributed to cellulose and hemicellulose conversion, demonstrating that delignification was not the only way to accelerate conversion rates.…”

GC-MS and GC-olfactometry analysis of aroma compounds extracted from culture fluids of Antrodia camphorata

“…The fungus is native to Taiwan, where it grows in the walls of the inner heartwood of Cinnamomum kanehirai Hay (Chang and Chou 1995;Wu et al 1997), and has been ascribed various medicinal properties Wu et al 2007). Our research has also revealed that submerged cultures of A. camphorata are highly odiferous, suggesting that the mushroom might serve as an important source of natural aroma compounds for the food and cosmetic industries.…”