Modulation of Osteoclast Interactions with Orthopaedic Biomaterials

Abstract

Biomaterial integration in bone depends on bone remodelling at the bone-implant interface. Optimal balance of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone deposition by osteoblasts is crucial for successful implantation, especially in orthopaedic surgery. Most studies examined osteoblast differentiation on biomaterials, yet few research has been conducted to explore the effect of different orthopaedic implants on osteoclast development. This review covers, in detail, the biology of osteoclasts, in vitro models of osteoclasts, and modulation of osteoclast activity by different implant surfaces, bio-ceramics, and polymers. Studies show that surface topography influence osteoclastogenesis. For instance, metal implants with rough surfaces enhanced osteoclast activity, while smooth surfaces resulted in poor osteoclast differentiation. In addition, surface modification of implants with anti-osteoporotic drug further decreased osteoclast activity. In bioceramics, osteoclast development depended on different chemical compositions. Strontium-incorporated bioceramics decreased osteoclast development, whereas higher concentrations of silica enhanced osteoclast activity. Differences between natural and synthetic polymers also modulated osteoclastogenesis. Physiochemical properties of implants affect osteoclast activity. Hence, understanding osteoclast biology and its response to the natural microarchitecture of bone are indispensable to design suitable implant interfaces and scaffolds, which will stimulate osteoclasts in ways similar to that of native bone.

In Vitro Macrophage Immunomodulation by Poly(ε-caprolactone) Based-Coated AZ31 Mg Alloy

“…Like the natural bone remodelling, the successful implantation of an orthopaedic device requires a coordinate activation of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorptive osteoclasts [ 177 ]. Therefore, understanding the mechanism through which osteoclasts interact with the implantable biomaterials would be beneficial for developing a suitable implant surface capable of regulating the osteoclastogenic process towards a desirable result [ 178 ]. An impaired interaction can tip the balance from osteogenesis towards osteoclastogenesis, thus leading to a delay in fracture healing which can cause post-surgical complications such as mal-union, implant loosening and, finally, implant failure [ 179 , 180 , 181 ].…”

Efeito do uso de fármacos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINES) na osseointegração de implantes dentários: revisão de literatura / Effect of the use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the osseointegration of dental implants: literature review

“…No contexto da OI, sugere-se que o efeito protetor ósseo da aspirina pôde ter sido evidenciado pelo seu uso ter sido iniciado Brazilian Journal of Health Review, Curitiba, v.5, n.1, p. 2843-2859 jan./fev. 2022 apenas após 3 dias da implantação, de tal forma que a atividade osteoclástica inicial essencial à renovação óssea não tenha sofrido influências (STEFFI et al, 2018).…”

The State of the Art and Prospects for Osteoimmunomodulatory Biomaterials

“…The successful implantation of an orthopedic biomaterial requires the orchestrated activation and function of the two main types of bone cells, namely osteoblasts and osteo-clasts [270]. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanisms through which bone-resorptive osteoclasts interact with the biomaterial could lead to the design of suitable implant surfaces capable of modulating the osteoclastogenesis towards desirable results [271]. However, the activation or deactivation of the osteoclastogenic process as an important regulator of bone regeneration and remodeling has only been recently highlighted [13] in a series of studies [135,141,241,.…”

“…For instance, HA is scarcely absorbed within the body, leading to a permanent stress concentration and poor stability [283], while β-TCP possesses a high degradation rate due to its high solubility, poor mechanical properties and insufficient osteoinductivity and osteogenicity [284]. On this basis, in order to overcome the limitations imposed by these materials, biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics consisting of both β-TCP and HA in varying ratios have been fabricated [271]. Wepner et al [286] studied the effect of the newly developed electrospun biphasic HA/β-TCP nanoscaffolds (ratio 40/60) on human osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19) and monocytes (THP-1) and the results revealed that both cell lines showed no cytotoxic effect, reduced apoptosis and well-differentiated osteoclast-like cells.…”