Modulation of platelet aggregation-related eicosanoid production by dietary F-fucoidan from brown algaLaminaria japonicain human subjects

Abstract

Laminaria japonica is traditionally eaten in Japan as a beneficial food for thrombosis. The alga contains two specific ingredients, a xanthophyll fucoxanthin (FX) and a polysaccharide, F-fucoidan (FD). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether FX or FD exhibited anti-thrombotic effects. For this purpose, three types of capsules, containing 1 mg FX, 400 mg fucoidan, and both, were prepared from the alga and administered to volunteers for 5 weeks. The dose of FD or FD þ FX significantly shortened lysis time (LT) of the thrombus measured by a global thrombosis test in the blood, but FX did not. Examining the mechanism, dietary FD increased H 2 O 2 and the secretion of prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, in the blood, although FD was under the detection limit in the blood, determining with its monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, in mouse experiments, dietary FD was totally excreted into the faeces and was not incorporated into the blood. We then employed a co-culture system of a Caco-2 cell monolayer with fresh human blood. The addition of FD to Caco-2 cells stimulated the expression of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) mRNA and secreted H 2 O 2 onto the blood side accompanied by a significant increase in serum PGI 2 production. These effects were invalidated by the combined addition of FD with its monoclonal antibody. The results suggested that dietary FD stimulated the expression of H 2 O 2 -producing enzymes in intestinal epithelial cells and released H 2 O 2 into the blood, which played a signalling role to increase PGI 2 production and then shortened LT for thrombi.

A lipid peroxidation product 9-oxononanoic acid induces phospholipase A2 activity and thromboxane A2 production in human blood

“…We have also found that a dietary fiber, fucoidan, causes the secretion of hydrogen peroxide into blood by stimulating NADPH oxidase 1 in intestinal epithelial cells and increases PGI 2 in the blood. (50) An interesting point is that hydrogen peroxide is an inducer of PGI 2 production but 9-ONA is an inducer of TxA 2 , although both are produced in the cyclooxygenase pathway of the arachidonate cascade. The stimulating mechanism for the key enzyme of the arachidonate cascade PLA 2 should be examined in a future study.…”

Seaweeds in Human Health

“…This study, realized on a small cohort of 14 men, suggested that a 1.5-g daily dose of a strong-gelling alginate limits glucose and cholesterol uptake, hence reversing hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus symptoms and reducing CVD development risk. This treatment presented an antithrombotic effect monitored by an ex vivo global thrombosis test and measure of the thrombus lysis time (Ren et al, 2013). Alginate is widely utilized as a biomaterial for tissue engineering and regeneration because of its biocompatibility, nonthrombogenic nature, mild and physical gelation process, and the resemblance of its hydrogel matrix texture and stiffness to that of the extracellular matrix.…”

Oral Administration of Fucoidan Can Exert Anti-Allergic Activity after Allergen Sensitization by Enhancement of Galectin-9 Secretion in Blood

“…Fucoidan, which is contained in Saccharina japonica, is exclusively composed of fucose and sulfated fucose. It was reported that fucoidan is hardly absorbed in intestinal tract and excreted in the feces [17]. A previous study reported that oral administration of fucoidan exhibited anti-allergic effects, whereas its intraperitoneal administration showed no effect [21].…”

“…Fucoidan, a kind of sulfated polysaccharide obtained from some brown algae, is mainly composed of fucose and sulfated fucose and sometimes contains other sugars, such as mannose, glucose, galactose and xylose [13]. It has been shown that fucoidan exhibited various biological activities, such as antitumor, immunomodulatory [14][15][16], anti-thrombotic [17][18][19] and antioxidant activities [20]. Fucoidan, which is contained in Saccharina japonica, is exclusively composed of fucose and sulfated fucose.…”