Modulation of Radiation‐Induced Disturbances of Antioxidant Defense Systems by Ginsan

Han, Young‐Soo; Son, Soo-Jung; Akhalaia, Medea; Platonov, A. G.; Son, Hyeog-Jin; Lee, Kee-Ho; Yun, Yeon-Sook; Song, Jie‐Young

doi:10.1093/ecam/neh123

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In a variety of cells, ionizing radiation has been shown to enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can induce oxidative damage to vital cellular molecules, including DNA, proteins, and lipids (Sun et al 1998;Han et al 2005;Valko et al 2007). The major enzymatic antioxidants that act to limit the activity of ROS are SOD, which degrades superoxide anion radical, catalase and the GSH redox system, which inactivates H 2 O 2 and organic hydroperoxides (Minhas and Thornalley 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of MDA in plasma of rats (as a measure of lipid peroxidation) was enhanced after the injection of carrageenan. This rise was more pronounced in irradiated animals, indicating that exposure to ionizing radiation could have resulted in increased lipid peroxidation which was responsible for this increase in plasma level of MDA (El-Ghazaly and Ramadan 1996;Han et al 2005). In the present study, the level of blood GSH was not significantly affected by exposure of rats to 2 Gy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor, on acute inflammation induced in irradiated rats

et al. 2009

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The potential value of selective and non-selective COX-2 inhibitors in preventing some of the biochemical changes induced by ionizing radiation was studied in rats exposed to carrageenan-induced paw edema and 6-day-old air pouch models. The animals were exposed to different exposure levels of gamma-radiation, namely either to single doses of 2 and 7.5 Gy or a fractionated dose level of 7.5 Gy delivered as 0.5 Gy twice weekly for 7.5 weeks. The inflammatory response produced by carrageenan in irradiated rats was markedly higher than that induced in non-irradiated animals, and depended on the extent of irradiation. Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, in doses of 3, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg was effective in reducing paw edema in irradiated and non-irradiated rats in a dose-dependent manner as well as diclofenac (3 mg/kg), a non-selective COX inhibitor. Irradiation of animals before the induction of the air pouch by an acute dose of 2 Gy led to a significant increase in leukocytic count, as well as in the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), LTB(4), PGE(2) (as an index of COX-2 activity), TXB(2) (as an index of COX-1 activity), and the plasma level of MDA. This increase in level of these parameters was more marked than that observed in the non-irradiated animals subjected to the inflammagen. The blood GSH level was not affected by the dose of irradiation used, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was suppressed. In many respects, celecoxib (5 mg/kg) was as potent as diclofenac in decreasing the elevated levels of IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, LTB(4), PGE(2), but lacked any significant effect on TXB(2) level. Since it is mostly selective for COX-2 with a rare effect on COX-1 enzyme, both drugs at the selected dose levels showed no effect on level of MDA, GSH, and SOD activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor, on acute inflammation induced in irradiated rats

et al. 2009

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“…Moreover, ginseng has been shown to be strongly radioprotective through its ability to stimulate hematopoietic stem cells (colony-forming unit spleen) and produce a battery of cytokines such IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α. Its was also to be proven in study with mice that ginseng exerted its radioprotective effect through activation of antioxidant defense systems [4,25]. However, this was not seen in PBL cells irradiated in vitro with gamma rays as revealed by this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Ben-Hur and Fulder [3] demonstrated that in the presence of partially purified P. ginseng saponin mixture, Chinese hamster V79 fibroblasts are significantly more resistant to subsequent -irradiation as determined by the ex vivo colony forming assay. In the studies of cultured spleen lymphocytes from mice, application of P. ginseng water extract 48 h before -ray-irradiation has been shown to reduce the frequency of DNA double strand breaks, and it also has been demonstrated to reduce the degree of radiation-induced apoptosis in both jejunal crypt cells and hair follicles [25]. In addition, Hsu et al [26] found in ICR mice that the intraperitoneal injection of a Chinese herbal medicine that contains 25% of P. ginseng root before whole-body X-ray exposure (0-5 Gy) markedly enhanced the radiotolerance of bone marrow stem cells and peripheral hematocytes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio Protective Effects of Ginseng Extract in Gamma-Rays Induced Chromosomal Damages of Human Lymphocyte

et al. 2011

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RADIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF GINSENG EXTRACT IN GAMMA-RAYS INDUCED CHROMOSOMAL DAMAGES OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE.Ginsan, a polysaccharide extracted from Panax ginseng and subsequently referred as ginseng, posses various biological properties as an anticancer and antioxidant agent. Ginseng also approved effective against radiation effects through its immunomodulating actions in whole body irradiated mouse. But its protective effects on radiation induced DNA damage are not thoroughly investigated, mainly in human. This experiment aimed to assess the effects of ginseng at 2 working doses in suppressing radiation effects of human peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) i.e. chromosome aberration and micronuclei yields. The treatment times were 24 hours before, subsequently (0 hour) or 3 hours after and irradiation with gamma rays at doses of 0.5 -2.0 Gy (dose rate of 3.16 Gy/min). Treated and untreated blood cultivation and metaphase spreading technique was done according to standard procedures. Results showed that without ginseng treatments, radiation significantly increased dicentrics and micronuclei frequencies. Different with the results in mouse study, however, our results indicated that none of the experimental concentrations of ginseng crude water extract tested had an effect on baseline chromosomal aberration and micronuclei (MN) yields in PBL. A protective effect was only seen in chromosome aberration yields of sample irradiated with 2.0 Gy and treated with ginseng 3 h post irradiation rather than 24 h pre-irradiation in one volunteer. Opposite results that ginseng suspected to be a weak radiosensitizer was found in some cases. This may be due to discrepancies exist in route of treatment and its fundamental mechanisms of protective action between both studies. Even though in general it was not effective, the possible mechanism involved in radioprotective influence of ginseng is discussed.

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“…The regulations of GPx mRNA level and activity by ginseng treatment are responsible for Table 5. Growth and development of rat embryos exposed to ginsenoside Rc on embryonic day 9.5 for 48 h in vitro protecting the animal against ROS-inducing radiation and can be applied to therapeutic remedies for a variety of ROS-associated diseases [36]. In our previous study, cGPx mRNA was shown to be expressed during mouse embryogenesis, distributed in specific cells and organs, and to be abundantly expressed in active differentiation sites [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of Ginsenosides on Organogenesis and Expression of Glutathione Peroxidase Genes in Cultured Rat Embryos

Lee

Kim

Yon

et al. 2008

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Ginseng has been extensively used around the world for several thousand years as a food or drug. However, recently, several reports have indicated that the organogenesis of cultured embryos is inhibited by treatment with ginsenoside, the principal component of ginseng. In this study, we evaluated the morphological changes of embryos and the gene expression patterns of antioxidant enzymes, 3 types of glutathione peroxidases [GPx; cytosolic (cGPx), plasma (pGPx) and phospholipid hydroperoxide (phGPx) forms], in cultured rat embryos (embryonic days 9.5-11.5) exposed to ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Re and Rc at levels of 5, 50 and 100 μg/ml. With regard to total morphological scores, no significant differences were noted in the embryos exposed to all doses of ginsenosides, with the exception of 50 μg/ ml of Rc. In the cultured embryos exposed to Rg1, a majority of the developmental parameters were normal, but growth of the hind-and mid-brains and the caudal neural tube was significantly increased compared with that observed in the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, Rc significantly enhanced the growth of a variety of developmental parameters in the cultured embryos, with the exception of the hindlimbs. According to the results of our semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis, the levels of cGPx and phGPx mRNA in the cultured embryos were unaffected by treatment with the ginsenosides. However, the levels of pGPx mRNA increased significantly in the embryos treated with ginsenosides Re, Rc and Rb1 compared with the control group (P<0.05). These findings indicate that ginsenosides may exert a stimulatory effect on the growth of embryos via differential expression of GPx genes. Key words: Ginsenoside, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Rat, Whole embryo culture (J. Reprod. Dev. 54: [164][165][166][167][168][169][170] 2008) inseng, the root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae), is one of the most popular herbs and is utilized in a variety of ways in traditional and herbal medicine to extend the human lifespan. The majority of pharmacological actions of ginseng have been attributed to ginsenosides and have been previously demonstrated in the central nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine and immune systems. In humans, ginseng and its constituents have been demonstrated to exert anti-neoplastic, anti-stress and antioxidant effects [1].Ginsenosides are generally divided into two groups on the basis of the type of aglycone, the panaxadiol and panaxatriol groups. Whereas the ginsenosides of the panaxadiol group with 20S-protopanaxadiol as a glycone consist principally of Ra, Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Rd, those of the panaxatriol group with 20S-protopanaxatriol as an aglycone consist primarily of Re, Rf, Rg1 and Rg2 [2,3].Ginseng is commonly used during pregnancy in humans as a nutritive supplement. In a recent survey, it was reported that 9.1% of pregnant women utilize herbal supplements, including ginseng [4,5]. However, there have only been a few studies conducted conce...

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Modulation of Radiation‐Induced Disturbances of Antioxidant Defense Systems by Ginsan

Cited by 48 publications

References 49 publications

The effects of celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor, on acute inflammation induced in irradiated rats

The effects of celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor, on acute inflammation induced in irradiated rats

Radio Protective Effects of Ginseng Extract in Gamma-Rays Induced Chromosomal Damages of Human Lymphocyte

Effects of Ginsenosides on Organogenesis and Expression of Glutathione Peroxidase Genes in Cultured Rat Embryos

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