Modulation of spinal cord excitability following remote limb ischemic preconditioning in healthy young men

Quadrado, Ian C.; Câncio, Renan B.; Silva, Bruno M.; Vianna, Lauro C.; Mezzarane, Rinaldo A.

doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05807-w

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For instance, only H-reflexes with small amplitudes, at around the threshold for a reflex response, increased their excitabilities following either resistance training of a remote muscle group ( Dragert and Zehr, 2011 ) or induced fatigue of the antagonist muscles around the ankle joint ( Magalhães et al, 2021 ). On the other hand, there are reports on the modulation of high amplitude H-reflexes in response to either endurance training ( Vila-Chã et al, 2012 ) or ischemic pre-conditioning of the contralateral leg ( Quadrado et al, 2020 ). Thus, it is interesting to evaluate the sensitivity of H-reflexes with different amplitudes to voluntary contraction, since some effects might be specific for different recruited MNs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite previous studies on the H-reflex recruitment curve (RC), the reflex responses of intermediated sizes (lower than Hmax) have not yet been fully explored, i.e., specific parts of the RC have never been examined in detail. This is an interesting point as numerous interventions were shown to differentially affect the amplitude parameters extracted from the RC (Dragert and Zehr, 2011;Vila-Chã et al, 2012;Quadrado et al, 2020;Magalhães et al, 2021). Thus, it is worth examining critical points of the ascending limb of the RC by, e.g., a sigmoid fit (Klimstra and Zehr, 2008) to address possible differential effects of contraction on reflex modulation of the soleus muscle, which is one of the main postural muscles responsible to maintain balance during upright stance (Mezzarane and Kohn, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of voluntary contraction on the soleus H-reflex of different amplitudes in healthy young adults and in the elderly

Batista-Ferreira

Rabelo

Cruz

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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A number of H-reflex studies used a moderate steady voluntary contraction in an attempt to keep the motoneuron pool excitability relatively constant. However, it is not clear whether the voluntary muscle activation itself represents a confounding factor for the elderly, as a few ongoing mechanisms of reflex modulation might be compromised. Further, it is well-known that the amount of either inhibition or facilitation from a given conditioning depends on the size of the test H-reflex. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of voluntary contraction over a wide range of reflex amplitudes. A significant reflex facilitation during an isometric voluntary contraction of the soleus muscle (15% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction–MVC) was found for both young adults and the elderly (p < 0.05), regardless of their test reflex amplitudes (considering the ascending limb of the H-reflex recruitment curve–RC). No significant difference was detected in the level of reflex facilitation between groups for all the amplitude parameters extracted from the RC. Simulations with a computational model of the motoneuron pool driven by stationary descending commands yielded qualitatively similar amount of reflex facilitation, as compared to human experiments. Both the experimental and modeling results suggest that possible age-related differences in spinal cord mechanisms do not significantly influence the reflex modulation during a moderate voluntary muscle activation. Therefore, a background voluntary contraction of the ankle extensors (e.g., similar to the one necessary to maintain upright stance) can be used in experiments designed to compare the RCs of both populations. Finally, in an attempt to elucidate the controversy around changes in the direct motor response (M-wave) during contraction, the maximum M-wave (Mmax) was compared between groups and conditions. It was found that the Mmax significantly increases (p < 0.05) during contraction and decreases (p < 0.05) with age arguably due to muscle fiber shortening and motoneuron loss, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of voluntary contraction on the soleus H-reflex of different amplitudes in healthy young adults and in the elderly

Batista-Ferreira

Rabelo

Cruz

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Further studies should extend the findings reported here to individuals with chronic diseases and explore any putative implications for rehabilitation of these individuals. Further studies should also investigate the association between reduction in pain after IPC and increased time to task failure in men and its mechanisms, as well as assessing the additive effect of multiple sessions of IPC employed by others during non-fatiguing exercises [62][63][64][65].…”

Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in fatigability after ischemic preconditioning of non-exercising limbs

et al. 2020

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Background Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is suggested to decrease fatigability in some individuals but not others. Sex differences in response to IPC may account for this variability and few studies systematically investigated the effects of IPC in men and women. The goal of this study was to determine if time to task failure, perception of pain, and neuromuscular mechanisms of fatigability were altered by IPC in men and women. Methods Ten women (29 ± 5 years old) and 10 men (28 ± 6 years old) performed isometric contractions with the plantar flexor muscles of the dominant leg at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction until task failure. We used a repeated measures design where each individual performed 3 randomized and counterbalanced test sessions: (A) IPC session, cuff inflation and deflation (5 min each repeated 3 times) performed before the exercise by inflating cuffs to the non-dominant leg and arm; (B) sham session, cuffs were inflated for a short period (1 min); and (C) control session, no cuffs were involved. Results Compared with control, IPC increased time to task failure in men (mean difference, 5 min; confidence interval (CI) of mean difference, 2.2; 7.8 min; P = 0.01) but not women (mean difference, − 0.6 min; CI of mean difference, − 3.5; 2.4 min; P = 0.51). In men, but not women, the IPC-induced increase in time to task failure was associated with lower response to pressure pain (r = − 0.79). IPC further exposed sex differences in arterial pressure during fatiguing contractions (session × sex: P < 0.05). Voluntary activation, estimated with the twitch interpolation technique, and presynaptic inhibition of leg Ia afferents were not altered after IPC for men and women. The tested variables were not altered with sham. Conclusions The ergogenic effect of IPC on time to task failure was observed only in men and it was associated with reductions in the perception of pain. This pilot data suggest the previously reported inter-individual variability in exercise-induced fatigability after IPC could be a consequence of the sex and individual response to pain.

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Changes in the input-output relation of the Hoffmann reflex recruitment curve after submaximal fatiguing contraction of the antagonist muscles

Magalhães

Burgo

Neto

et al. 2020

Somatosensory & Motor Research

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Modulation of spinal cord excitability following remote limb ischemic preconditioning in healthy young men

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of voluntary contraction on the soleus H-reflex of different amplitudes in healthy young adults and in the elderly

Effects of voluntary contraction on the soleus H-reflex of different amplitudes in healthy young adults and in the elderly

Sex differences in fatigability after ischemic preconditioning of non-exercising limbs

Changes in the input-output relation of the Hoffmann reflex recruitment curve after submaximal fatiguing contraction of the antagonist muscles

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