Modulatory effect of camel milk on intestinal microbiota of mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disease of life, usually caused by unhealthy diet and lifestyle. Compared to normal individuals, the structure of the intestinal flora of NAFLD patients is altered accordingly. This study investigates the effect of camel milk on the regulation of intestinal flora structure in mice with high-fat diet-induced NAFLD. NAFLD model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, meanwhile camel milk (3.0 g/kg/d), cow milk (3.0 g/kg/d), and silymarin (200 mg/kg/d) were administered by gavage, respectively. Food intake and changes of physiological indexes in mice were observed and recorded. The 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region was sequenced and the intestinal flora diversity and gene function were predicted in the colon contents of mice from different group. The results showed that camel milk enhanced glucolipid metabolism by downregulate the levels of blood glucose and triglyceride (TG) in serum, reduced lipid accumulation by downregulate the level of TG in the liver and improved liver tissue structure in NAFLD mice (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, camel milk had a positive modulatory effect on the intestinal flora of NAFLD mice, increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreasing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria in the intestinal flora of NAFLD mice, and silymarin had a similar modulatory effect. At the genus level, camel milk increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides, norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Alloprevotella and decreased the relative abundance of Dubosiella and Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002 (p < 0.05). Camel milk also enhanced Carbohydrate metabolism, Amino acid metabolism, Energy metabolism, Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins and Lipid metabolism in NAFLD mice, thus reducing the degree of hepatic lipid accumulation in NAFLD mice and maintaining the normal structure of the liver. In conclusion, camel milk can improve the structure and diversity of intestinal flora and enhance the levels of substance and energy metabolism in NAFLD mice, which has a positive effect on alleviating NAFLD and improving the structure of intestinal flora.

Kluyveromyces marxianus supplementation ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury associated with the modulation of gut microbiota in mice

“…There is evidence to suggest that the enrichment of Coriobacteriaceae _ UCG-002 was associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice, and significantly positively correlated with body weight, serum triglyceride, and blood glucose levels. 37–39 However, the decreased proportions of Allobaculum and Dubosiella were improved after K. marxianus intervention in ALD mice. Previous data have already described that an increase of Allobaculum was associated with the reduction of blood sugar in T2DM mice.…”

Effects of cholesterol-lowering probiotics on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in FXR gene knockout mice

“…Gut microbiota is an integral player in NAFLD development, which activates an inflammatory response, increases endogenous ethanol, and impairs intestinal barrier function ( 13 , 51 ). Long-term intake of a high-fat diet can significantly change the composition and abundance of gut microbiota, such as increasing Firmicutes and decreasing Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota in NAFLD mice ( 52 , 53 ). The changes in gut microbiota composition disrupt the intestinal barrier and increase intestinal permeability ( 51 ).…”

Comparative analysis of the effect of fermented derivatives from Bactrian milk on the gut microbiome

“…Many studies have revealed the positive effects of camel milk on human health, primarily due to its composition and its impact on the gut microbiota upon consumption [10][11][12]. For instance, Abdullah Sheikh et al, demonstrated that milk from dromedary camels induced an increase in the relative abundance of beneficial gut flora (Allobaculum and Akkermansia) while depleting opportunistic taxon such as Proteobacteria, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae [13].…”