Modulatory Influence of Feedback Projections from Area 21a on Neuronal Activities in Striate Cortex of the Cat

Wang, C.; Waleszczyk, Wioletta J.; Burke, William J.; Dreher, Bogdan

doi:10.1093/cercor/10.12.1217

Cited by 78 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…This effect was significantly more pronounced in area 18 than in areas 17 and 19 and affected calbindin-positive cells to a larger degree than parvalbumin-positive cells (Huxlin and Pasternak, 2004). This is consistent with electrophysiological studies, which show that when higher level visual cortical areas are temporarily inactivated, cortical neurons at earlier levels of the visual system exhibit a decrease in the amplitude of their responses to stimulation (Hupe et al, 1998;Wang et al, 2000;Galuske et al, 2002;Bardy et al, 2006). This suggests that the major influence of feedback projections on early visual neurons is excitatory in nature.…”

Section: Unilateral Ls Lesions Cause Bilateral Decreases In Ampa Recesupporting

confidence: 84%

A neurochemical signature of visual recovery after extrastriate cortical damage in the adult cat

Huxlin

Williams

Price

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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In adult cats, damage to the extrastriate visual cortex on the banks of the lateral suprasylvian (LS) sulcus causes severe deficits in motion perception that can recover as a result of intensive direction discrimination training. The fact that recovery is restricted to trained visual field locations suggests that the neural circuitry of early visual cortical areas, with their tighter retinotopy, may play an important role in attaining perceptual improvements after damage to higher level visual cortex. The present study tests this hypothesis by comparing the manner in which excitatory and inhibitory components of the supragranular circuitry in an early visual cortical area (area 18) are affected by LS lesions and postlesion training. First, the proportion of LS-projecting pyramidal cells as well as calbindin-and parvalbumin-positive interneurons expressing each of the four AMPA receptor subunits was estimated in layers II and III of area 18 in intact animals. The degree to which LS lesions and visual retraining altered these expression patterns was then assessed. Both LS-projecting pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons exhibited long-term, differential reductions in the expression of glutamate receptor (GluR)1, -2, -2/3, and -4 following LS lesions. Intensive visual training post lesion restored normal AMPAR subunit expression in all three cell-types examined. Furthermore, for LS-projecting and calbindin-positive neurons, this restoration occurred only in portions of the ipsi-lesional area 18 representing trained visual field locations. This supports our hypothesis that stimulation of early visual cortical areas-in this case, area 18-by training is an important factor in restoring visual perception after permanent damage to LS cortex. Indexing termsGluR1; GluR2; GluR3; GluR4; NR1; calbindin; parvalbumin; pyramidal cellThe adult brain exhibits remarkable plasticity throughout life (see reviews by Gilbert et al., 1996;Kaas, 1995). Well-documented cases of training-induced recovery following damage to adult motor cortex (see reviews by Hallett, 2001;Cauraugh and Summers, 2005), adult somatosensory cortex (Xerri, 1998;Xerri et al., 2004), and adult visual cortex (Newsome and Pare, 1988; Pasternak, 1996, 1999;Huxlin and Pasternak, 2004) suggest that some of this plasticity can be tapped for the purpose of recovering function after permanent brain damage. In the visual system, most studies reporting training-induced recovery of function were conducted following damage to extrastriate visual cortex-lesions of the lateral suprasylvian (LS) visual cortex in cats, e.g. (Rudolph and Pasternak, 1996 Pasternak, 2004) or lesions in areas MT/MST of monkeys (Newsome and Pare, 1988;Rudolph and Pasternak, 1999).The feline LS cortex is a complex of extrastriate visual areas (Palmer et al., 1978;Sherk, 1986b;Grant and Shipp, 1991;Sherk and Mulligan, 1993) that exhibit functional similarity with areas MT/MST of primates (Payne, 1993), playing an important role in the processing of complex visual motion information (Rau...

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Section: Unilateral Ls Lesions Cause Bilateral Decreases In Ampa Recesupporting

confidence: 84%

A neurochemical signature of visual recovery after extrastriate cortical damage in the adult cat

Huxlin

Williams

Price

2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…by cooling deactivation of pMS cortex are based on: (i) actual changes in the preferred directions of less selective neurons and (ii) silencing, or near silencing, of neurons with the highest degree of direction selectivity. It is important to recognize that the functional impact of pMS deactivation on area 18 neurons reported in our study is high compared with prior studies on other cortical feedback systems (5)(6)(7)23). The higher impact can be accounted for by the larger region of feedback pathway origin that was deactivated, a more effective deactivation that silences neurons in all layers in contact with the cooling loop, the high density of feedback projections from pMS cortex into upper layers of area 18, and emphasis of the electrophysiological and optical analyses on neurons in those same layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

The role of feedback in shaping neural representations in cat visual cortex

Galuske

Schmidt

Goebel

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In the primary visual cortex, neurons with similar response preferences are grouped into domains forming continuous maps of stimulus orientation and direction of movement. These properties are widely believed to result from the combination of ascending and lateral interactions in the visual system. We have tested this view by examining the influence of deactivating feedback signals descending from the visuoparietal cortex on the emergence of these response properties and representations in cat area 18. We thermally deactivated the dominant motion-processing region of the visuoparietal cortex and used optical and electrophysiological methods to assay neural activity evoked in area 18 by stimulation with moving gratings and fields of coherently moving randomly distributed dots. Feedback deactivation decreased signal strength in both orientation and direction maps and virtually abolished the global layout of direction maps, whereas the basic structure of the orientation maps was preserved. These findings could be accounted for by a selective silencing of highly direction-selective neurons and by the redirection of preferences of less selective neurons. Our data suggest that signals fed back from the visuoparietal cortex strongly contribute to the emergence of direction selectivity in early visual areas. Thus we propose that higher cortical areas have significant influence over fundamental neuronal properties as they emerge in lower areas.

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“…Previous physiological studies show various effects of feedback on RF response properties (Alonso et al, 1993;Hupé et al, 1998Hupé et al, , 2001aMartinez-Conde et al, 1999;Wang et al, 2000). Bullier (2001) and Angelucci and Bullier (2003) suggest that one role of feedback is the selective modification of responses of area 17 neurons to stimuli within the classic receptive field (CRF) when paired with stimuli placed in the surround-a region of visual space outside the CRF in which stimuli do not elicit a response from a given neuron (Maffei and Fiorentini, 1976;Nelson and Frost, 1978;Allman et al, 1985;Gilbert and Wiesel, 1990;Li and Li, 1994;Sillito et al, 1995;Zipser et al, 1996;Levitt and Lund, 1997;Sengpiel et al, 1997;Walker et al, 1999).…”

Section: Indexing Terms: Extrastriate; Neuroanatomy; Receptive Field;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback connections to ferret striate cortex: Direct evidence for visuotopic convergence of feedback inputs

Cantone

Xiao

McFarlane

et al. 2005

J of Comparative Neurology

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Interareal feedback connections are a fundamental aspect of cortical architecture, yet many aspects of their organization and functional relevance remain poorly understood. Previous studies have investigated the topography of feedback projections from extrastriate cortex to macaque area 17. We have extended this analysis to the ferret. We made restricted injections of cholera toxin B (CTb) into ferret area 17 and mapped the distribution of retrogradely labeled cells in extrastriate cortex. In addition to extensive label spreading within area 17, we found dense cell label in areas 18, 19, and 21 and the suprasylvian cortex and sparser connections from the lateral temporal and posterior parietal cortex. We made extensive physiological assessments of magnification factors in the extrastriate visual cortex and used these measures to convert the spread of labeled cortex in millimeters into a span in degrees of visual field. We also directly measured the visuotopic extents of receptive fields in the regions containing labeled cells in cases in which we made both CTb injections and physiological recordings in the same animals; we then compared the aggregate receptive field (ARF) of the labeled region in each extrastriate area with that of the injection site. In areas 18, 19, and 21, receptive fields of cells in regions containing labeled neurons overlapped those at the injection site but spanned a greater distance in visual space than the ARF of the injection site. The broad visuotopic extent of feedback connections is consistent with the suggestion that they contribute to response modulation by stimuli beyond the classical receptive field.

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Modulatory Influence of Feedback Projections from Area 21a on Neuronal Activities in Striate Cortex of the Cat

Cited by 78 publications

References 107 publications

A neurochemical signature of visual recovery after extrastriate cortical damage in the adult cat

A neurochemical signature of visual recovery after extrastriate cortical damage in the adult cat

The role of feedback in shaping neural representations in cat visual cortex

Feedback connections to ferret striate cortex: Direct evidence for visuotopic convergence of feedback inputs

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