Moisture and Density Effect on Cone Index

Ayers, Paul D.; Perumpral, John V.

doi:10.13031/2013.33691

Cited by 136 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…As expected, soil moisture content may be regarded as the most important factor in predicting rutting of forest machines in fine-grained mineral soils. The findings are in line with the previous findings that have focused either on moisture content-soil strength relationship (Ayers and Perumpral 1982;Elbanna and Witney 1987;Smith et al 1997;Uusitalo et al 2019) or moisture content-soil disturbance relationship (Cambi et al 2016;Allman et al 2017;Sirén et al 2019a, b). In distinction to previous findings, we stress the radical changes of bearing capacity with high moisture content values.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It is not a surprise that BD of the mineral soil layer is correlated to bearing capacity, since the relationship between BD and soil strength (in terms of PR) has been reported by numerous researchers (Ayers and Perumpral 1982;Elbanna and Witney 1987;Smith et al 1997;Uusitalo et al 2019). The well-known negative correlation between BD and SOM (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Many previous investigations have stressed the importance of moisture as the main factor of soil strength, especially in fine-grained soils (Ayers and Perumpral 1982;Elbanna and Witney 1987;Smith et al 1997;Uusitalo et al 2019). Moisture content of soil varies significantly by season and weather conditions which mean that soil strength is also highly variable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting rut depth induced by an 8-wheeled forwarder in fine-grained boreal forest soils

Uusitalo

Ala‐Ilomäki

Lindeman

et al. 2020

Annals of Forest Science

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& Key message Rut depth in fine-grained boreal soils induced by an 8-wheeled forwarder is best predicted with soil moisture content, cumulative mass of machine passes, bulk density and thickness of the humus layer. & Context Forest machines are today very heavy and will cause serious damage to soil and prevent future growth if forest operations are carried out at the wrong time of the year. Forest operations performed during the wettest season should therefore be directed at coarse-grained soils that are not as prone to soil damage. & Aims The study aimed at investigating the significance of the most important soil characteristics on rutting and developing models that can be utilized in predicting rutting prior to forest operations. & Methods A set of wheeling tests on two fine-grained mineral soil stands in Southern Finland were performed. The wheeling experiments were conducted in three different periods of autumn in order to get the largest possible variation in moisture content. The test drives were carried out with an 8-wheeled forwarder. & Results Soil moisture content is the most important factor affecting rut depth. Rut depth of an 8-wheeled forwarder in finegrained boreal soil is best predicted with soil moisture content, cumulative mass of machine passes, bulk density and thickness of the humus layer. & Conclusion The results emphasize the importance of moisture content on the risk of rutting in fine-grained mineral soils, especially with high moisture content values when soil saturation reaches 80%. The results indicate that it is of high importance that soil type and soil wetness can be predicted prior to forest operations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting rut depth induced by an 8-wheeled forwarder in fine-grained boreal forest soils

Uusitalo

Ala‐Ilomäki

Lindeman

et al. 2020

Annals of Forest Science

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“…Soil type, along with traffic intensity, affects significantly the soil bearing capacity and rut formation in logging operations (Ayers and Perumpal 1982;Vaz et al 2011;Mohtashami et al 2017;Uusitalo et al 2018). The soil bearing capacity (expressed as penetration resistance, PR) is mainly dependent on the soil bulk density, clay content and SWC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-variation relations of physical soil properties and site characteristics of Finnish upland forests

Heiskanen¹,

Hallikainen²,

Uusitalo³

et al. 2018

Silva Fenn.

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“…Cone penetrometer resistance was measured by pushing a cone (125 mm 2 base area, 30° apex angle) into the soil to a depth of 500 mm at constant speed (0.05 m s -1 ), and digitally recording the force at 25 mm depth increments based on ASABE Standard EP542 (ASABE, 2013). Soil moisture content was simultaneously determined because of its influence on soil strength (Ayers and Perumpral, 1982). Measurements were conducted ten times (n=10) for each traffic treatment.…”

Section: Soil Measurements and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Agronomic performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fertiliser use efficiency as affected by controlled and non-controlled traffic of farm machinery</i>

Hussein¹,

Antille²,

Chen³

et al. 2017

2017 Spokane, Washington July 16 - July 19, 2017

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Controlled traffic farming (CTF) is a mechanization system that confines all load-bearing wheels to permanent traffic lanes, thus optimizing productivity of non-compacted crop beds for given energy, fertilizer and water inputs. This study investigated the agronomic and economic performance of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in compacted and non-compacted soils to represent the conditions of non-CTF and CTF systems, respectively. Yield-to-nitrogen (N) responses were obtained by applying urea (46% N), urea treated with 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP), commercially known as ENTEC ® urea (46% N), and urea ammonium nitrate (solution, 30% N) at rates between 0 (control) and 300 kg ha-1 N at regular increments of 100 kg ha-1 N. The results showed that the CTF system increased grain yield, total aboveground biomass, and harvest index by 12%, 9%, and 4%, respectively compared to the crop grown under the non-CTF system (P<0.05). Overall, the agronomic efficiency was approximately 35% higher in CTF compared with non-CTF (≈4 vs. 3 kg kg-1 , respectively). Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was approximately 50% higher in CTF compared with non-CTF; however, there was not fertilizer type effect on NUE. On average, the optimal economic nitrogen application rates and corresponding grain yields were 122 kg ha-1 and 3337 kg ha-1 , and 175 and 3150 kg ha-1 in the CTF and non-CTF systems, respectively. This work demonstrated that significant improvements in fertilizer-N recoveries may not be realized with enhanced nitrogen formulations alone and that avoidance of (random) traffic compaction is a prerequisite for improved fertilizer use efficiency.

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Moisture and Density Effect on Cone Index

Cited by 136 publications

References 0 publications

Predicting rut depth induced by an 8-wheeled forwarder in fine-grained boreal forest soils

Predicting rut depth induced by an 8-wheeled forwarder in fine-grained boreal forest soils

Co-variation relations of physical soil properties and site characteristics of Finnish upland forests

<i>Agronomic performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fertiliser use efficiency as affected by controlled and non-controlled traffic of farm machinery</i>

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Moisture and Density Effect on Cone Index

Cited by 136 publications

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Predicting rut depth induced by an 8-wheeled forwarder in fine-grained boreal forest soils

Predicting rut depth induced by an 8-wheeled forwarder in fine-grained boreal forest soils

Co-variation relations of physical soil properties and site characteristics of Finnish upland forests

&lt;i&gt;Agronomic performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fertiliser use efficiency as affected by controlled and non-controlled traffic of farm machinery&lt;/i&gt;

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<i>Agronomic performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fertiliser use efficiency as affected by controlled and non-controlled traffic of farm machinery</i>