Moisture-dependent elastic characteristics of walnut and cherry wood by means of mechanical and ultrasonic test incorporating three different ultrasound data evaluation techniques

Bachtiar, Erik Valentine; Sanabria, Sergio J.; Mittig, Johannes P.; Niemz, Peter

doi:10.1007/s00226-016-0851-z

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…In terms of further research, it would be advantageous to direct efforts towards identifying and minimizing potential sources of variation influencing the attribute-specific acoustic relationships, and establishing quantitative linkages between within-tree and within-product attribute estimates. For example, establishing species-specific relationships between acoustic-based dynamic modulus of elasticity estimates within standing trees and mechanical-based static modulus of elasticity estimates within derived solid wood products, would improve in-forest end-product forecasts and provide more precise wood property characterization of the raw material before merchandizing (sensu [49]). Ultimately, such efforts could potentially yield a more comprehensive and precise end-product segregation protocol resulting in improved in-forest decision-making within the upstream portion of the red pine forest products supply chain.…”

Section: A Suite Of Acoustic Velocity-attribute Relationships and Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic-Based Non-Destructive Estimation of Wood Quality Attributes within Standing Red Pine Trees

Newton

2017

Forests

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Abstract:The relationship between acoustic velocity (v d ) and the dynamic modulus of elasticity (m e ), wood density (w d ), microfibril angle, tracheid wall thickness (w t ,), radial and tangential diameters, fibre coarseness (c o ) and specific surface area (s a ), within standing red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) trees, was investigated. The data acquisition phase involved 3 basic steps: (1) random selection of 54 sample trees from 2 intensively-managed 80-year-old plantations in central Canada; (2) attainment of cardinal-based v d measurements transecting the breast-height position on each sample tree; and (3) felling, sectioning and obtaining cross-sectional samples from the first 5.3 m sawlog from which Silviscan-based area-weighted mean attribute estimates were determined. The data analysis phase consisted of applying graphical and correlation analyses to specify regression models for each of the 8 attribute-acoustic velocity relationships. Results indicated that viable relationships were obtained for m e , w d , w t , c o and s a based on a set of statistical measures: goodness-of-fit (42%, 14%, 45%, 27% and 43% of the variability explained, respectively), lack-of-fit (unbiasedness) and predictive precision (±12%, ±8%, ±7%, ±8% and ±6% error tolerance intervals, respectively). Non-destructive approaches for estimating the prerequisite w d value when deploying the analytical framework were also empirically evaluated. Collectively, the proposed approach and associated results provide the foundation for the development of a comprehensive and precise end-product segregation strategy for use in red pine management.

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Section: A Suite Of Acoustic Velocity-attribute Relationships and Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic-Based Non-Destructive Estimation of Wood Quality Attributes within Standing Red Pine Trees

Newton

2017

Forests

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“…Walnut (Bachtiar et al 2017) Cherry (Bachtiar et al 2017) Elastic moduli Ash (Clauss et al 2014) Fir (Jiang et al 2017) Elastic moduli Beech (Ozyhar et al 2013) Ash (Niemz et al 2014) Maple ( Brought to you by | Lib4RI Eawag-Empa Authenticated Download Date | 1/24/18 8:57 AM of 2.0% ± 21% is calculated for cherry wood ( Figure 5). The corresponding ratios are smaller in case of tests in the Rand T-directions.…”

Section: Elastic Modulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tension and compression loadings of these woods were often carried at one MC level and mainly in the L-direction (Keylwerth 1951;Nocetti et al 2010;Korkut and Aytin 2015). Bachtiar et al (2017) investigated mechanical parameters of these two wood species in all three anatomical directions at different MC levels and compared the data with those obtained by ultrasound measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical behavior of walnut (Juglans regia L.) and cherry (Prunus avium L.) wood in tension and compression in all anatomical directions. Revisiting the tensile/compressive stiffness ratios of wood

2017

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The mechanical properties of walnut (Juglans regiaL.) and cherry (Prunus aviumL.) woods, as frequent raw materials in cultural heritage objects, have been investigated as a function of the anatomical directions and the moisture content (MC). The strength data are decreasing with increasing MC, whereas the tensile strength in the longitudinal direction is higher by factors of 1.5–2 compared to the compression strength. Moreover, the inequality of tensile and compressive stiffness is discussed, which is a matter of debate since a long time. This so-called bimodular behavior is difficult to describe in a generalized mode due to the high data variability if tension and compression properties are analyzed on different samples. If tensile and compressive stiffness tests are performed on the same samples of walnut and cherry wood, the ratio between these properties is significantly higher than 1.

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“…Therefore, this relationship can be used to pass from a set of measured velocities to an estimation of the mechanical parameters, a procedure known as inverse problem (Bucur and Archer 1984;Castagnede and Sachse 1989;Bucur 2006;Dahmen et al 2010;Longo et al 2012;Gonçalves et al 2014;Alves et al 2015;Tallavo et al 2017). For instance, ultrasonic goniometry relies on the principle of inverse problem to determine the elastic constants of the stiffness matrix for the characterization of different composite materials (Siva et al 2005;Zhao et al 2016), including wood (Preziosa 1982;Bachtiar et al 2017). The mentioned procedure works by using small samples with cubic, prismatic, polyhedral geometry, or multifaceted discs, to determine the nine elastic constants of wood, by assuming the homogeneity of the specimens, and thus that the mechanical properties are constants within the specimens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Convection and Microwave Drying Schemes on the Characteristics and Sound Absorption of Acoustic Oil Palm Boards

Dangvilailux

Charoensuk

2017

BioResources

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To perform a non-destructive evaluation of wood, the Christoffel equation is frequently used to describe the relationship between the ultrasonic wave velocity and the mechanical parameters. In the context of acoustical tomography imaging of standing trees, the key contribution of this numerical study is to determine the influence of mechanical parameters of the wood radial-tangential plane on the wave velocity computation using the Christoffel equation. Mechanical parameters from six species were selected. A sensitivity analysis was carried out by increasing and decreasing every parameter by a given percentage, and then by computing the variation of velocity for a set of wave direction of propagations. The evolution of the wave velocity, according to the direction of propagation, depended on the considered species; there was a difference between the softwoods and the hardwoods. The sensitivity analysis showed a bigger influence of the Young's moduli, followed by the Poisson's ratio, and finally by the shear modulus. However, these last two parameters cannot be neglected when using the Christoffel equation to solve the inverse problem of standing tree tomography. A proposed solution involves determining the propagation paths using the Young's moduli as variables and then inversing the set of equations in accordance with the overall parameters.

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Moisture-dependent elastic characteristics of walnut and cherry wood by means of mechanical and ultrasonic test incorporating three different ultrasound data evaluation techniques

Cited by 44 publications

References 11 publications

Acoustic-Based Non-Destructive Estimation of Wood Quality Attributes within Standing Red Pine Trees

Acoustic-Based Non-Destructive Estimation of Wood Quality Attributes within Standing Red Pine Trees

Mechanical behavior of walnut (Juglans regia L.) and cherry (Prunus avium L.) wood in tension and compression in all anatomical directions. Revisiting the tensile/compressive stiffness ratios of wood

Effects of Convection and Microwave Drying Schemes on the Characteristics and Sound Absorption of Acoustic Oil Palm Boards

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