Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Colombia: Prevalence, Severity and Associated Risk Factors

Abstract

Aim: To determine prevalence, severity, and risk factors associated with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in schoolchildren between 6 and 15 years of age in Medellin, Colombia. Study design: We conducted a retrospective observational study including 1.075 children born and residing in Medellin, Colombia. A structured questionnaire addressing gestational period and first three years of child's life was administered to biological mothers. Two calibrated examiners established MIH diagnosis following the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and linear regression with a 5% significance. Results: Study population was predominantly male (70.7%), average age was 9.3±1.9 years. Prevalence of MIH was 11,2%. The majority of defects (85%) were mild. MIH was associated with alterations during last gestational trimester, type of childbirth and respiratory problems. Conclusion. MIH prevalence in schoolchildren between 6 and 15 years of age was 11.2%, being mild defects more frequently found. MIH was associated with different factors during pregnancy and the first three years of life.

Gene-environment interaction in molar-incisor hypomineralization

“…The evidence that MIH frequency varies across the world [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] is supported by the results found in the present study. The association found in the Turkish population was different from the results obtained in the cohorts from Brazil, which indeed indicates that genetic factors contributing to the MIH phenotype may vary depending on geographic origin.…”

“…These asymmetrical lesions affect the first permanent molars, usually with the permanent incisors [4], and more recently MIH has been reported to affect canines too [5]. Prevalence of MIH varies but has been consistently reported to range between 1% and 35% in all parts of the world, with most reported frequencies around 12% [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Assessment of Genetical, Pre, Peri and Post Natal Risk Factors of Deciduous Molar Hypomineralization (DMH), Hypomineralized Second Primary Molar (HSPM) and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH): A Narrative Review

“…Outcome . The aim of the study was to investigate the possible association between MIH and genetic or pre-, peri-, and post- natal factors [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

“…Pre-natal factors. By comparing the results, the following factors were identified as significant in the development of this type of injury: problems/complications in pregnancy (20% of studies; this condition is correlated to the development of MIH) [ 14 , 15 , 17 , 21 , 27 ], alcohol consumption or smoking (8% of studies; this condition is correlated to the development of MIH and HPSM) [ 31 , 34 ] and the intake of antibiotics (4% of studies; this condition is correlated to the development of MIH) [ 23 ].…”

“…Peri-natal factors. By comparing the results, among the most significant peri-natal causes, the following were identified as significant factors in the development of this type of injury: premature childbirth (12% of studies; this condition is correlated to the development of MIH and HPSM) [ 14 , 25 , 30 ], type of childbirth (12% of studies; this condition is correlated to the development of MIH) [ 15 , 19 , 21 ], hypoxia or respiratory problems (12% of studies; this condition is correlated to the development of MIH) [ 19 , 21 , 27 ], birth weight (8% of studies; this condition is correlated to the development of MIH and DMH) [ 27 , 29 ], and intake of vitamin D (4% of studies; this condition is correlated to the development of HPSM) [ 31 ].…”