The development of new building materials is a crucial engine for promoting the development of green energy efficient buildings. In this paper, based on the excellent properties of light guiding of resin materials, a new type of resin translucent mortar-based concrete (RTMC) was researched; meanwhile, transmittance properties, mechanical properties, and thermal performance were studied, respectively. The results showed that the resin material possessed excellent light transmittance within the thickness of 100 mm, which can be as high as 93%. Moreover, when the area ratio was within 5%, the compressive strength of RTMC was close to that of plain concrete. Besides, RTMC had excellent thermal performance that the thermal conductivity of RTCM was 0.3815 w/(m·K), which was 60% lower than 0.89 w/(m·K) of plain concrete.