Molecular analysis of the NS3/NS3A gene of Bluetongue virus isolates from the 1979 and 1998–2001 epizootics in Greece and their segregation into two distinct groups

Nikolakaki, Susan V.; Nomikou, Kyriaki; Koumbati, Maria; Mangana, Olga; Papanastassopoulou, Maria; Mertens, Peter P. C.; Papadopoulos, O.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.05.004

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, it should be necessary to pay attention to the potential influence of intragenic recombination on its biology and epidemiology. Among the viral proteins, NS3 is proposed to be associated with the transmission of the virus in different insect populations and species (4,5,35), and VP7 is also thought to be related to the infection of insect populations (9,55). In the present study, stable and genetic vp7 and ns3 mosaics were found, suggesting that insects might be more permissive for the events leading to intragenic recombination as well, making insects an important diversitygenerating host.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Intragenic Recombination as a Mechanism of Genetic Diversity in Bluetongue Virus

Ding

et al. 2010

J Virol

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Bluetongue (BT), caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV), is an economically important disease affecting sheep, deer, cattle, and goats. Since 1998, a series of BT outbreaks have spread across much of southern and central Europe. To study why the epidemiology of the virus happens to change, it is important to fully know the mechanisms resulting in its genetic diversity. Gene mutation and segment reassortment have been considered as the key forces driving the evolution of BTV. However, it is still unknown whether intragenic recombination can occur and contribute to the process in the virus. We present here several BTV groups containing mosaic genes to reveal that intragenic recombination can take place between the virus strains and play a potential role in bringing novel BTV lineages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Intragenic Recombination as a Mechanism of Genetic Diversity in Bluetongue Virus

Ding

et al. 2010

J Virol

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“…Genome reassortment of multisegmented RNA viruses plays important roles in the emergence or expansion of new virus strains with altered antigenicity or pathogenicity (29,32,37), best demonstrated by the devastating pandemics of influenza A (39). Investigations of possible evolutionary mechanisms leading to the emergence and expansion of novel pathogenic virus strains would certainly provide insight into the scope of surveillance and prevention efforts (14,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a Correlation between the Expansion of Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Reassortment of Its Genome Segment B

Hon

Lam

Drummond

et al. 2006

J Virol

102

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Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a birnavirus causing immunosuppressive disease in chickens.Emergence of the very virulent form of IBDV (vvIBDV) in the late 1980s dramatically changed the epidemiology of the disease. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic origins of its genome segments and estimated the time of emergence of their most recent common ancestors. Moreover, with recently developed coalescence techniques, we reconstructed the past population dynamics of vvIBDV and timed the onset of its expansion to the late 1980s. Our analysis suggests that genome segment A of vvIBDV emerged at least 20 years before its expansion, which argues against the hypothesis that mutation of genome segment A is the major contributing factor in the emergence and expansion of vvIBDV. Alternatively, the phylogeny of genome segment B suggests a possible reassortment event estimated to have taken place around the mid-1980s, which seems to coincide with its expansion within approximately 5 years. We therefore hypothesize that the reassortment of genome segment B initiated vvIBDV expansion in the late 1980s, possibly by enhancing the virulence of the virus synergistically with its existing genome segment A. This report reveals the possible mechanisms leading to the emergence and expansion of vvIBDV, which would certainly provide insights into the scope of surveillance and prevention efforts regarding the disease.Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease of young chickens that causes considerable economic loss to the poultry industry worldwide. The causative agent of IBD is a bisegmented, double-stranded RNA virus of the Birnaviridae family named IBD virus (IBDV). IBD was firstly reported in 1957 in broilers of the Delmarva Peninsula of the United States. It had spread rapidly throughout the United States by 1965 but was effectively controlled by vaccinations in the mid-1970s (23). In 1986, vaccination failures were reported and IBDV isolates with enhanced virulence were identified and characterized (18). These new isolates, named very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV), were then described by Chettle and coworkers (4) as the causative agents of the first reported cases of severe and acute IBD in Europe. These very virulent strains have rapidly spread all over Asia and other parts of the world (11) in an explosive manner (42), following their introduction into Japan in the early 1990s (30).The epidemiological event leading to the emergence and expansion of vvIBDV is an open question. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed independent evolutionary histories of the two genome segments (17, 44), suggesting that a reassortment event may have played a role in the emergence of vvIBDV. Previous reports suggested that both the major capsid protein (VP2) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (VP1), which are located on genome segments A and B, respectively, contribute to the virulence of IBDV (1-3, 26, 43). Questions have been raised regarding the phylogenetic origins and roles of the unique mutations of the two genome...

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“…Thereafter, virus 481 spread to the visceral organs and finally to the pancreas and brain. These authors 482 concluded that tonsil samples, nasal and rectal swabs and whole blood samples were 483 the most favourable materials for rapid detection of CSFV using TaqMan The smallest genome segment (Seg-10) codes for a small non-structural membrane 544 protein NS3, and its truncated form NS3a, which also show a relatively high degree of 545 variability, although this is independent of virus serotype (Nikolakaki et al, 2005; 546 Balasuriya et al 2008). Genome segment 7 encodes the BTV core surface protein 547 VP7, which is also the major (immunodominant) bluetongue-serogroup specific 548…”

Section: Future Opportunities For Rt-pcr Diagnosis 386mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of RT-PCR technologies used in veterinary virology and disease control: Sensitive and specific diagnosis of five livestock diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health

Hoffmann

Reid

Mertens

et al. 2009

Veterinary Microbiology

168

112

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Molecular analysis of the NS3/NS3A gene of Bluetongue virus isolates from the 1979 and 1998–2001 epizootics in Greece and their segregation into two distinct groups

Cited by 32 publications

References 22 publications

Intragenic Recombination as a Mechanism of Genetic Diversity in Bluetongue Virus

Intragenic Recombination as a Mechanism of Genetic Diversity in Bluetongue Virus

Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals a Correlation between the Expansion of Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Reassortment of Its Genome Segment B

A review of RT-PCR technologies used in veterinary virology and disease control: Sensitive and specific diagnosis of five livestock diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health

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