Molecular analysis of transmission of hepatitis C virus in a nurse who acquired acute hepatitis C after caring for a viremic patient with epistaxis

Toda, Takayuki; Mitsui, Takehiro; Tsukamoto, Yukie; Ebara, Takeshi; Hirose, Akinori; Masuko, Kazuo; Nagashima, Shigeo; Takahashi, Masaharu; Okamoto, Hiroaki

doi:10.1002/jmv.21537

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…With regard to hepatitis C, after percutaneous contact with contaminated blood, there is a risk rate ranging from 0% to 7%, with a mean of 1.8% 15 . Other forms of transmission involving HCV carriers have been described elsewhere, such as contact between contaminated blood and skin or the ocular mucosa 16,17 , or even in the absence of direct contact, as experienced by cleaning personnel working in hospital environments 18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission in the municipality of Catanduva, State of São Paulo: a case-control study

Rosa

Martinelli

Passos

2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is primarily transmitted via contact with the blood of infected patients, although the form of contact has not been identifi ed for a signifi cant percentage of carriers. The present study evaluated possible risk factors for HCV transmission in a medium-sized town located in the northwest region of the State of São Paulo. Methods: This was a case-control study, with the case group consisting of 190 chronic HCV carriers older than 18 years residing in the municipality of Catanduva. The control group also consisted of 190 individuals with HCV-negative serology. The groups were paired (1:1) for gender, age range (± fi ve years), and place of residence. The same structured questionnaire was applied to all subjects, who gave written informed consent to participate in the study. The data were statistically analyzed using crude and adjusted logistic regression, and the results were expressed as odds ratios with a 95% confi dence interval. Results: The demographic profi les of the groups indicated a predominance of males (68.9%) and mean ages of 47.1 years (case group) and 47.3 years (control group). After adjusting for conditional regression, the following factors were found to represent risks for HCV: history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and blood transfusion; accidents with syringes and/or needles; tattoos; and the use of non-injectable drugs and injectable medications. Conclusions: The transmission of HCV via the blood route has been well characterized. Other forms of contact with human blood and/or secretions are likely to transmit the virus, although with a lower frequency of occurrence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission in the municipality of Catanduva, State of São Paulo: a case-control study

Rosa

Martinelli

Passos

2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Identification and reduction of potential HCV transmission risk factors during regular and interventional care remains crucial for both patients and providers. [44][45][46][47] Conclusions At present, dental care does pose a risk for HCV transmission, although the extents vary worldwide. In the developing world, the improper use of sterile technique and lack of provider education likely increase the risk of HCV transmission secondary to dental care.…”

Section: The Risks Involvedmentioning

confidence: 96%

Highlights for Dental Care as a Hepatitis C Risk Factor: A Review of Literature

Averbukh

2019

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

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Hepatitis C (HCV) is a viral infection that affects an estimated 71 million people worldwide, with over 1 million new infections yearly. While medical treatments exist, HCV continues to be a significant public health concern. Primary prevention and transmission risk factor identification remain key in helping decrease disease prevalence. While intravenous drug use, healthcare exposure (i.e. blood transfusions and surgical care), and body modification (i.e. tattooing and piercings) are well accepted risk factors for HCV transmission, others remain controversial. Because dental practice is often associated with procedures and bleeding, the possibility of HCV transmission seemed reasonable to investigate. Here, we review the evidence for dental care as a potential risk factor for HCV transmission. We identified a total of 1,180 manuscripts related to HCV and dental care, of which 26 manuscripts were included in the study after exclusionary criteria were applied. As per our review of the available literature, in the developing world, the improper use of sterile technique and lack of provider education likely increases the risk of HCV transmission during dental care. In developed nations, on the other hand, general dental care does not appear to be a significant risk factor for HCV transmission in non-intravenous drug user patients; although, the improper use and reuse of anesthetics during procedures poses a rare potential risk for viral transmission.

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“…We obtained more unique variants with an NGS approach compared with conventional methods [ 11 , 20 ] and we had fewer technical difficulties for detecting low frequent sequences from P31. Thus, we could better identify real genetic relationship between two patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generation Sequencing-Based Investigation of Potential Patient-to-Patient Hepatitis C Virus Transmission during Hemodialytic Treatment

et al. 2016

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We investigated potential patient-to-patient transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in two hemodialysis centers in Beijing, China. Approximately 8.25% (32/388) hemodialysis patients were HCV antibody positive, and 4.90% (19/388) were HCV RNA-positive, which consisted of 2a genotype (1/19) and 1b genotypes (18/19). Using next generation sequencing (NGS) approach, MiSeq platform, we sequenced HCV, targeting hypervariable region 1 (263 base-pairs) of genotype 1b specimens and obtained 18 to 243 unique HCV variants. Analysis of phylogenetic tree, viral epidemiology signature pattern (VESP) and Shannon entropy indicated no obvious HCV similarity for most HCV infections but limited HCV variants from Patient 31 (P31) were closer with respect to evolutionary relationship with Patient 24 (P24). However, it was unlikely that HCV was transmitted directly from P24 to P31 in the hemodialysis center. Otherwise, their genetic distance (3.92%-8.92%), would have been much less. Moreover, P31 was infected less than two years before specimen collection, and other external high risk factors existed for these two patients. Thus, our data indicated no evidence of patient-to-patient transmission of HCV in the two hemodialysis centers, suggesting that current HCV infection control measures are effective.

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Molecular analysis of transmission of hepatitis C virus in a nurse who acquired acute hepatitis C after caring for a viremic patient with epistaxis

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission in the municipality of Catanduva, State of São Paulo: a case-control study

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus transmission in the municipality of Catanduva, State of São Paulo: a case-control study

Highlights for Dental Care as a Hepatitis C Risk Factor: A Review of Literature

Next Generation Sequencing-Based Investigation of Potential Patient-to-Patient Hepatitis C Virus Transmission during Hemodialytic Treatment

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