Molecular and cellular aspects of auxin-transport-mediated development

Vieten, Anne; Sauer, Michael; Brewer, Philip B.; Friml, Jir ˇ i

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2007.03.006

Cited by 309 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…PIN proteins are PM proteins that act as auxin efflux carriers (Petrášek et al, 2006) and have mainly a polar localization that correlates with and is required for the direction of auxin flow . The Arabidopsis PIN family consists of eight members, most of which have been functionally characterized and found to be localized polarly at different sides of the various cell types (Vieten et al, 2007). For example, during embryogenesis, PIN1, PIN4, and PIN7 show polar localizations and act together to specify the apical-basal axis of the embryo (Fig.…”

Section: Polar-competent Proteins In Plant Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PIN Polar Targeting

2008

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Section: Polar-competent Proteins In Plant Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PIN Polar Targeting

2008

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“…10,13,14 A considerable part of the studies aimed to unravel the mechanisms controlling RSA growth and development in response to nitrate have been focused on lateral roots (LR), 8,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20] while the nitrate-regulation of the primary root growth is still unclear. Beside NO 3 − , auxin has been demonstrated to strongly affect and control the LR development, [21][22][23][24] and an increasing number of studies suggests an overlap between auxin and NO 3 − signaling pathways in controlling LR development. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] NO 3 -has a Doubtful Role in Regulating the Growth of Primary Roots…”

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NO signaling is a key component of the root growth response to nitrate inZea maysL.

Trevisan

Manoli

Quaggiotti

2014

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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To search for nutrients and water, roots need to efficiently explore large soil volumes. To this aim they generate complex root systems, allowing them to maximize their resource allocation efficiency. 1 Despite the vital importance of roots, the difficulty in accessing intact root systems for analysis, particularly under field conditions, have slowed down the breeding programs for plant's adaptation to environmental restrictions. 2,3 The capacity of plants to take up nutrients and water is mainly determined by changes in the architecture of the root system. 1 Three major processes affect the overall architecture of the root system: the rate of cell division, the rate of cell differentiation, and the extent of expansion and elongation of cells. [4][5][6] Disturbs in any of these 3 processes can affect the whole root-system architecture and the capacity of plants to survive and develop in adverse environments (Giehl et al. 7 and references therein).The root system results from the coordinated control of both genetic endogenous programs (regulating growth and organogenesis) and the action of abiotic and biotic environmental stimuli. 8,9 The dynamic control of the overall root system architecture (RSA) throughout time finally determines root plasticity and allows plants to efficiently adapt to environmental constraints. 10 The soil-environment from which plants extract nutrients and water is extremely heterogeneous, both spatially and temporally. 11 Among the nutrients present in soil, nitrate (NO 3 − ) may vary by an order of magnitude within centimeters or over the course of a day. 12 The effects of NO 3 − on the root system are complex and depend on several factors, such as the concentration available to the plant, the endogenous nitrogen status and the sensitivity of the species. 10,13,14 A considerable part of the studies aimed to unravel the mechanisms controlling RSA growth and development in response to nitrate have been focused on lateral roots (LR), 8,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20] while the nitrate-regulation of the primary root growth is still unclear. Beside NO 3 − , auxin has been demonstrated to strongly affect and control the LR development, [21][22][23][24] and an increasing number of studies suggests an overlap between auxin and NO 3 − signaling pathways in controlling LR development. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] NO 3 -has a Doubtful Role in Regulating the Growth of Primary RootsDespite the high amount of reports published on nitrate effects on root elongation, the lack of univocal results makes it difficult to clearly decipher this response ( Table 1). In Arabidopsis thaliana, inhibition of primary root growth has been observed when nitrate is applied homogeneously at high concentrations (50 mM) for 7 d, but not in a range between 0.1 and 10 mM. 35 On the contrary, in this same species Linkohr et al. 36 showed an inhibition of primary root elongation with the increase of nitrate concentration already beyond 0.01 mM, but in this case seedlings were IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; SNP, sodium n...

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“…Auxin is synthesized primarily in young tissues, such as cotyledons, leaves, and roots (Ljung et al, 2001(Ljung et al, , 2005, and transported to other tissues where it is perceived by members of the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1 (TIR1) auxin receptor family. Recent studies have dramatically increased our knowledge of auxin transport and signaling (Quint and Gray, 2006;Vieten et al, 2007). However, the pathways of auxin synthesis and their regulation are still relatively unclear.…”

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TheTRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2Gene Is Required for Auxin Synthesis and Diverse Aspects of Plant Development

et al. 2009

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The plant hormone auxin plays an essential role in plant development. However, only a few auxin biosynthetic genes have been isolated and characterized. Here, we show that the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 (TIR2) gene is required for many growth processes. Our studies indicate that the tir2 mutant is hypersensitive to 5-methyl-tryptophan, an inhibitor of tryptophan synthesis. Further, treatment with the proposed auxin biosynthetic intermediate indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) and indole-3-acetic acid rescues the tir2 short hypocotyl phenotype, suggesting that tir2 may be affected in the IPA auxin biosynthetic pathway. Molecular characterization revealed that TIR2 is identical to the TAA1 gene encoding a tryptophan aminotransferase. We show that TIR2 is regulated by temperature and is required for temperature-dependent hypocotyl elongation. Further, we find that expression of TIR2 is induced on the lower side of a gravitropically responding root. We propose that TIR2 contributes to a positive regulatory loop required for root gravitropism.

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Molecular and cellular aspects of auxin-transport-mediated development

Cited by 309 publications

References 97 publications

PIN Polar Targeting

PIN Polar Targeting

NO signaling is a key component of the root growth response to nitrate inZea maysL.

TheTRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2Gene Is Required for Auxin Synthesis and Diverse Aspects of Plant Development

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