Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Feather Development Provide a Basis for the Diverse Evolution of Feather Forms

Lin, Gee-Way; Li, Ang; Chuong, Cheng‐Ming

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27223-4_2

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 60 publications

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“…Based on the development of modern feathers, Prum (1999) proposed a five‐staged feather evolution model. Paleontological studies on feathers and feather‐like integumentary structures associated with theropods identified not only structures consistent with these five stages but also structures that cannot be interpreted using extant feather morphogenesis, which greatly improved our understanding of the morphological evolution of feathers (Lin et al, 2020; Xu & Guo, 2009; Xu et al, 2014). Recently, pennaceous feathers of the Jurassic paravian dinosaur Anchiornis were found to be dominated by α‐keratins rather than by β‐keratins as in modern feathers, which suggested that the molecular composition continued to evolve after the appearance of pennaceous feathers to obtain the physical and mechanical properties for flight (Pan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment on keratins

Zhao

Pan

2022

J Exp Zool Pt B

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Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is commonly used in geological and paleontological research to extract organic fossils for morphological and chemical studies. However, during HF treatment, organic matter can also be altered, which raises concerns that HF-treated organic matter may not be representative of the original organic matter.To provide reference data for protein studies on fossils, herein, we use Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the effect of HF (21.3 M) treatment on keratins, with treatment durations ranging from 2 to 48 h. Resultsshow that the FTIR spectra of HF-treated samples are overall similar to that of the untreated sample, while curve fitting shows that HF treatment has led to alteration of the secondary structure in all the HF-treated samples and the effect is timedependent. The 2-and 4-h treatment mainly reduced the content of the random coils, α-helix, and intermolecular β-sheet. From 8h onwards, the content of random coils greatly increased at the expense of other structures. Our results imply that for protein detection in fossils using FTIR spectroscopy, the negative effect of HF treatment is not substantial, as the bands characteristic of proteins, that is, amide A, amide B, amide I, amide II, and amide III, are still present after the 48-h treatment. If the target is a secondary structure, the effect of HF treatment should be considered.When HF treatment is necessary, limiting the treatment duration to less than 4h may be a choice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment on keratins

Zhao

Pan

2022

J Exp Zool Pt B

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Estimating Ancestral States of Complex Characters: A Case Study on the Evolution of Feathers

Cockx,

Benton,

Keating

2024

Preprint

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Feathers are a key novelty underpinning the evolutionary success of birds, yet the origin of feathers remains poorly understood. Debates about feather evolution hinge upon whether filamentous integument has evolved once or multiple time independently on the lineage leading to modern birds. These contradictory results stem from subjective methodological differences in statistical ancestral state estimates. Here we conduct a comprehensive comparison of ancestral state estimation methodologies applied to stem-group birds, testing the role of outgroup inclusion, tree time scaling method, model choice and character coding strategy. Models are compared based on their Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), mutual information, as well as the uncertainty of marginal ancestral state estimates. Our results demonstrate that ancestral state estimates of stem-bird integument are strongly influenced by tree time scaling method, outgroup selection and model choice, while character coding strategy seems to have less effect on the ancestral estimates produced. We identify the best fitting models using AIC scores and a leave-one-out cross-validation approach (LOOCV). Our analyses broadly support the independent origin of filamentous integument in dinosaurs and pterosaurs and support a younger evolutionary origin of feathers than has been suggested previously. More generally, our study highlights that special care must be taken in selecting the outgroup, tree and model when conducting ASE analyses. With respect to model selection, our results suggest that considering a LOOCV approach, may yield more reliable results than simply comparing AIC scores when the analyses involve a limited number of taxa.

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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Feather Development Provide a Basis for the Diverse Evolution of Feather Forms

Cited by 2 publications

References 60 publications

An evaluation of the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment on keratins

An evaluation of the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment on keratins

Estimating Ancestral States of Complex Characters: A Case Study on the Evolution of Feathers

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