Molecular and Cytogenetic Study of Acute Myelocytic Leukemia Patients in Kurdistan Region

Abstract

Considering the high prevalence of acute myelocytic leukemia in adults, understanding the pathophysiology of this disease and investigating cytogenetic markers play an important role in dealing with the disease for its classification, timely diagnosis, prognosis and predicting the response to the treatment process. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular and cytogenetic status of patients with acute myelocytic leukemia in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. This study was conducted in 2021 on 40 patients referred to Zheen Erbil international hospital who were sampled using the convenience method. Samples were collected from peripheral blood samples or bone marrow samples of patients, after sampling in the laboratory. The processes of sample centrifugation and deoxyribonucleic acid extraction were performed. Then, different in silico tools were used to check the structure and function of proteins. Fluorescence in situ hybridization method was used to check the presence of p53 deletion. The obtained data was analyzed with statistical package for social sciences version 23 and descriptive statistical tests and regression. The average age of the examined patients was 37.275±22.234 y. 17p deletion was seen in 6 people under study and p53 mutation was seen in 13 out of the examined people and normal in 3 patients. Factors affecting acute myelocytic leukemia based on the linear regression were age, Odds ratio (0.014), p value≤0.001, confidence interval: 0.010-0.019 and factors affecting acute myelocytic leukemia mutations (changes) in gene based on the linear regression were p53 mutation, Odds ratio (0.5), p value≤0.003, confidence interval: 0.33-0.019. Evaluation of p53 gene mutation was significant in acute myelocytic leukemia and age also showed itself as an influential factor in acute myelocytic leukemia disease.