Molecular and epidemiological characterization of HIV-1 subtypes among Libyan patients

Daw, Mohamed A.; El-Bouzedi, Abdallah; Ahmed, Mohamed O.; Dau, Aghnyia A.

doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2491-2

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The majority of sequences available from Libya and Egypt were originally used to investigate nosocomial spread of CRF02_AG and subtype B in the mid and early 1990s and may not fully represent the national epidemics in these countries ( de Oliveira et al, 2006 ; El Sayed et al, 2000 ). Hence, further studies are needed to draw firm conclusions about HIV-1 transmission in Libya and Egypt, similar to the recent report by ( Daw et al, 2017 ). The most common HIV-1 variants in countries of horn of Africa (Djibouti and Somalia) and Sudan were subtypes C and D. This likely reflects the close geographic proximity to major transportation routes to Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda where these subtypes prevail ( Lihana et al, 2012 ; Tully and Wood, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission in the Middle East and North Africa

Sallam

Şahin

Ingman

et al. 2017

Heliyon

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BackgroundThe HIV-1 spread in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has not been previously characterised using the phylogenetic approach. The aim of the current study was to investigate the genetic diversity and domestic transmission of HIV-1 in the MENA.MethodsA total of 2036 HIV-1 sequences available in Genbank and collected in the MENA during 1988–2016 were used together with 715 HIV-1 reference sequences that were retrieved from Genbank based on genetic similarity with the MENA sequences. The REGA and COMET tools were used to determine HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were used to identify and date HIV-1 transmission clusters.ResultsAt least 21 HIV-1 subtypes and recombinant forms were prevalent in the MENA. Subtype B was the most common variant (39%), followed by CRF35_AD (19%) and CRF02_AG (14%). The most common genetic region was pol, and 675 partial pol sequences (average of 1005 bp) were eligible for detailed phylogenetic analysis. Fifty-four percent of the MENA sequences formed HIV-1 transmission clusters. Whereas numerous clusters were country-specific, some clusters indicated transmission links between countries for subtypes B, C and CRF02_AG. This was more common in North Africa compared with the Middle East (p < 0.001). Recombinant forms had a larger proportion of clustering compared to pure subtypes (p < 0.001). The largest MENA clusters dated back to 1991 (an Algerian CRF06_cpx cluster of 43 sequences) and 2002 (a Tunisian CRF02_AG cluster of 48 sequences).ConclusionsWe found an extensive HIV-1 diversity in the MENA and a high proportion of sequences in transmission clusters. This study highlights the need for preventive measures in the MENA to limit HIV-1 spread in this region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission in the Middle East and North Africa

Sallam

Şahin

Ingman

et al. 2017

Heliyon

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“…The HIV sero-status of all participants was tested and then confirmed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples that were positive on both tests were classified as positive [14].…”

Section: Methods and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2017, we conducted a comprehensive study on the molecular and epidemiological characterization of HIV in Libya based on data collected over a period of 20 years. That study became a landmark for planning intervention programs targeting HIV-infected people in Libya [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal analysis and epidemiological characterization of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Libya within a twenty five year period: 1993–2017

Daw

Sifennasr

et al. 2019

AIDS Res Ther

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Background Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an alarming problem in North African countries, but few studies have analyzed the geographical distribution of the epidemic. Libya, the second largest country in Africa and with the longest coast on the Mediterranean basin facing Europe, has experienced major outbreaks of HIV infection. Since then, no studies have followed up on the burden of HIV infections. To plan interventions and allocate resources, spatial analysis of HIV/AIDS clusters are required in order to identify epidemic foci and trends in the country. The objective of this study was to assess HIV infection clustering and trends in Libya. Methods Information on all recorded HIV/AIDS cases during 1993–2017 were extracted from the National Reporting System. A total of 8015 newly diagnosed HIV cases with address information were included. Spatial autocorrelation and spatial–temporal analysis were used to identify HIV clusters. Spatial correlations between cases and socio-demographic factors were determined using spatial regression. Results HIV cases steadily increased within the Libyan population, particularly among those aged < 27 years. Spatiotemporal analysis showed marked geographic and temporal variation of HIV infection, particularly during 2005–2012. The risk factors varied from one region to another, and the contribution of injection drug use to infection increased with time. Four clusters in three time periods were identified, three on the Mediterranean coast and one in the south. Conclusion HIV is an emerging problem in Libya, particularly among young adults. The infection rate varies greatly among the regions and districts, particularly within certain definable geographical areas. Effective intervention strategies are needed to contain HIV infections, especially within the endemic areas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12981-019-0228-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Although it was less than 1% in Tunisia ( 0.9%), Morocco ( 0.3%) Egypt ( 0.2%) and Libya( 0.2%) [25][26][27][28]. In ten years period ( 2017), the overall prevalence was increased signi cantly ( P< 0.001) to reach more than four times that of 2008.…”

Section: Temporal Trends Of Hiv/aids In North Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence, trends and spatiotemporal distribution of HIV/AIDS infection in Northern African countries.

Daw¹,

Sifennasr²,

El-Bouzedi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major global public health concern. Northern African countries carry a disproportionate burden of HIV, accounting for one of the highest prevalences in Africa. Here in, we sought to analyze the epidemiological characterization and spatial trends of HIV infection in the Northern African region.Methods: A systematic review was carried out on all the published data regarding HIV/AIDS in Northern African countries over a ten year period ( 2008-2017) following the PRISMA guidelines. We performed a comprehensive literature search using Medline PubMed, Embase, regional and international databases, and country-level reports were searched with no language restriction. The quality, quantity, and geographic coverage of the data were assessed at both the country and region levels. We used random-effects methods, spatial variables and stratified results by demographic factors. Only original data for the prevalence of HIV infection were included and independently evaluated by professional epidemiologists.Results: A total of 721 records were identified by our data search , and only 41 that met our criteria were included in the meta-analysis during the study period. There was a considerable variability in the prevalence estimates of HIV within the countries of the region. The overall prevalence of HIV in northern African countries ranged from 0.9% (95% CI (0.8–1.27) to 3.8% (95% CI (1.17-6 .53)). The highest prevalence was associated with vulnerable groups, particularly drug abusers and sexual promiscuity. Dense HIV clustering was also reported during the study period, varying from one country to another. At least 13 HIV subtypes and recombinant forms were prevalent in the region. Subtype B was the most common variant , followed by CRF02_AG.Conclusion: This comprehensive review indicated that HIV infection in Northern African countries is an emerging threat. Effective strategies are needed both at national and regional levels to improve monitoring and controlling the transmission of HIV with a particular emphasis on geographic variability and HIV clustering.

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Molecular and epidemiological characterization of HIV-1 subtypes among Libyan patients

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission in the Middle East and North Africa

Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission in the Middle East and North Africa

Spatiotemporal analysis and epidemiological characterization of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Libya within a twenty five year period: 1993–2017

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence, trends and spatiotemporal distribution of HIV/AIDS infection in Northern African countries.

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