Molecular and Genetic Analyses of the Putative
            <i>Proteus</i>
            O Antigen Gene Locus

Wang, Quan; Torzewska, Agnieszka; Ruan, Xiaojuan; Wang, Xiaoting; Różalski, Antoni; Shao, Zhujun; Guo, Xi; Zhou, Haijian; Feng, Lu; Wang, Lei

doi:10.1128/aem.02946-09

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Compared to traditional technologies, genomic information provides a simpler and more convenient method for rapid serotyping by analysis of the gene clusters (or genes), which encode the synthesis of bacterial surface antigens (Liu et al 2008). Recently, serotypes of several bacteria, such as Cronobacter sakazakii, Proteus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were identified using this approach (Okura et al 2008;Wang et al 2010;Sun et al 2011). …”

Section: Speciation Based On Multiplex Variability Of Prokaryotic Genmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prokaryotic systematics in the genomics era

Zhi

Zhao

et al. 2011

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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As an essential and basic biological discipline, prokaryotic systematics is entering the era of genomics. This paradigmatic shift is significant not only for understanding molecular phylogeny at the whole genome level but also in revealing the genetic or epigenetic basis that accounts for the phenotypic criteria used to classify and identify species. These developments provide an opportunity and a challenge for systematists to reanalyze the molecular mechanisms underlying the taxonomic characteristics of prokaryotes by drawing the knowledge from studies of genomics and/or functional genomics employing platform technologies and related bioinformatics tools. It is expected that taxonomic books, such as Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology may evolve into a systematics library indexed by phylogenomic information with an comprehensive understanding of prokaryotic speciation and associated increasing knowledge of biological phenomena.

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Section: Speciation Based On Multiplex Variability Of Prokaryotic Genmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prokaryotic systematics in the genomics era

Zhi

Zhao

et al. 2011

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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“…In P. mirabilis ATCC 29906, the gne is located in a gene cluster similar to those putatively involved in O-PS (contig GG668582, GenBank TM ACLE01000000) (34). However, there are examples of P. mirabilis strains that should require gne for its O-PS biosynthesis where this gene was not found inside the O-PS biosynthetic cluster (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Enzymatic Steps Required for the Galactosamine Incorporation into Core Lipopolysaccharide

Aquilini

Azevedo

Merino

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The core lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Proteus mirabilis as well as those of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens are characterized by the presence of a hexosamine-galacturonic acid disaccharide (␣HexN-(1,4)-␣GalA) attached by an ␣1,3 linkage to L-glycero-D-manno-heptopyranose II (L-glycero-␣-D-manno-heptosepyranose II). In K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, and some P. mirabilis strains, HexN is D-glucosamine, whereas in other P. mirabilis strains, it corresponds to D-galactosamine. Previously, we have shown that two enzymes are required for the incorporation of D-glucosamine into the core LPS of K. pneumoniae; the WabH enzyme catalyzes the incorporation of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to outer core LPS, and WabN catalyzes the deacetylation of the incorporated GlcNAc. Here we report the presence of two different HexNAc transferases depending on the nature of the HexN in P. mirabilis core LPS. In vivo and in vitro assays using LPS truncated at the level of galacturonic acid as acceptor show that these two enzymes differ in their specificity for the transfer of GlcNAc or GalNAc. By contrast, only one WabN homologue was found in the studied P. mirabilis strains. Similar assays suggest that the P. mirabilis WabN homologue is able to deacetylate both GlcNAc and GalNAc. We conclude that incorporation of D-galactosamine requires three enzymes: Gne epimerase for the generation of UDP-GalNAc from UDP-GlcNAc, N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (WabP), and LPS:HexNAc deacetylase.

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“…Among the closely related genera Providencia, Proteus and Morganella, the OGC has been characterized only in Proteus, where it maps between the cpxA and secB genes (Wang et al, 2010). The present paper describes, for the first time to our knowledge, the genetic organization of putative O antigen loci retrieved from available databases for four strains of various Providencia species, and sequences from four more strains of P. alcalifaciens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the OGC is located between himD and tyrB (Raymond et al, 2002), in Vibrio cholerae between gmhD and rjg (Sozhamannan et al, 1999), in Yersinia spp. between hemH and gsk (Pacinelli et al, 2002;Zhang et al, 1996), and in Proteus mirabilis between cpxA and secB (Wang et al, 2010). However, in Providencia, no OGC has been found and characterized so far.…”

Section: Serological Relationships Are Observed Between Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization and molecular characterization of putative O antigen gene clusters of Providencia species

et al. 2012

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Enterobacteria of the genus Providencia are opportunistic human pathogens associated with urinary tract and wound infections, as well as enteric diseases. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen confers major antigenic variability upon the cell surface and is used for serotyping of Gram-negative bacteria. Recently, Providencia O antigen structures have been extensively studied, but no data on the location and organization of the O antigen gene cluster have been reported. In this study, the four Providencia genome sequences available were analysed, and the putative O antigen gene cluster was identified in the polymorphic locus between the cpxA and yibK genes. This finding provided the necessary information for designing primers, and cloning and sequencing the O antigen gene clusters from five more Providencia alcalifaciens strains. The gene functions predicted in silico were in agreement with the known O antigen structures; furthermore, annotation of the genes involved in the three-step synthesis of GDP-colitose (gmd, colD and colC) was supported by cloning and biochemical characterization of the corresponding enzymes. In one strain (P. alcalifaciens O39), no polysaccharide product of the gene cluster in the cpxA-yibK locus was found, and hence genes for synthesis of the existing O antigen are located elsewhere in the genome. In addition to the putative O antigen synthesis genes, homologues of wza, wzb, wzc and (in three strains) wzi, required for the surface expression of capsular polysaccharides, were found upstream of yibK in all species except Providencia rustigianii, suggesting that the LPS of these species may be attributed to the so-called K LPS (K LPS ). The data obtained open a way for development of a PCR-based typing method for identification of Providencia isolates. INTRODUCTIONThe genus Providencia of the family Enterobacteriaceae currently consists of eight species (Juneja & Lazzaro, 2009;Somvanshi et al., 2006;O'Hara et al., 2000), among which Providencia stuartii, Providencia rettgeri, Providencia rustigianii and Providencia alcalifaciens are the species that most commonly cause human infection. P. stuartii is often found in complicated urinary tract infections in patients with chronic indwelling urinary catheters (Rahav et al., 1994). Providencia species, especially P. rustigianii and P. alcalifaciens, are an infrequent cause of traveller's diarrhea (Yoh 3These authors contributed equally to this work.Abbreviations: 6dTal, 6-deoxytalose; Col, colitose; CPS, capsular polysaccharide; ECA, enterobacterial common antigen; ESI-MS, electrospray ionization-MS; Fuc3NAc, 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxygalactose; Kdo, 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid; OGC, O antigen gene cluster; PLP, pyridoxal 59-phosphate; Qui, quinovose; TOCSY, total correlation spectroscopy; UndPP, undecaprenyl diphosphate.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the cpxA-yibK region sequences of P. alcalifaciens O28, O36, O44 and O39 are JQ319041, HM583639, JN097784 and JN097785, respectively.Three supplementary figures and three supplem...

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Molecular and Genetic Analyses of the Putative Proteus O Antigen Gene Locus

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Prokaryotic systematics in the genomics era

Prokaryotic systematics in the genomics era

Three Enzymatic Steps Required for the Galactosamine Incorporation into Core Lipopolysaccharide

Localization and molecular characterization of putative O antigen gene clusters of Providencia species

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