Molecular and histopathological features of Cryptosporidium ubiquitum infection in imported chinchillas Chinchilla lanigera in Japan

Kubota, Rie; Matsubara, Katsuki; Tamukai, Kenichi; Ike, Kazunori; Tokiwa, Toshihiro

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2018.09.002

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Among the groups of pet rodents examined in the present study, most appear to have different Cryptosporidium spp. For example, supporting findings in several small-scale studies, C. ubiquitum is the dominant Cryptosporidium species in chinchillas [ 13 , 28 , 37 ]. Similarly, hamsters are mostly infected with C. andersoni and Cryptosporidium hamster genotype, guinea pigs are mostly infected with C. wrairi and C. homai , while sciurids (squirrels and chipmunks) are infected with several host-adapted Cryptosporidium squirrel and chipmunk genotypes [ 11 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…[ 7 ]. Thus far, at least 15 known Cryptosporidium species ( C. parvum , C. ubiquitum , C. viatorum , C. andersoni , C. muris , C. wrairi , C. homai , C. tyzzeri , C. apodemi , C. ditrichi , C. microti , C. alticolis , C. rubeyi , C. occultus , and C. rati ) and 28 genotypes (rat genotypes II-V, ferret genotype, chipmunk genotypes I-V, bamboo rat genotypes I-III, hamster genotype, squirrel genotypes I-III, muskrat genotypes I-II, apodemus genotypes I-II, vole genotypes I-VII and Brandt's vole genotype I) have been identified [ [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] ]. Therefore, rodents are considered reservoirs of some zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. from pet rodents indicate high zoonotic potential of pathogens from chinchillas

et al. 2021

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Cryptosporidium spp. are common protozoan pathogens in mammals. With pet rodents being integrated into modern life, the potential roles of them in transmitting parasites to humans need assessments. In the present study, we examined the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in pet rodents in Guangdong, south China. A total of 697 fecal samples were collected from 11 species of rodents in seven pet shops, one pet market and one farm. Cryptosporidium spp. were identified by PCR analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene. An overall infection rate of 36.9% (257/697) was obtained, with infection rates varying from 9.3% in chinchillas, 52.3% in guinea pigs, 57.1% in squirrels, to 68.4% in cricetid animals. Nine Cryptosporidium species and genotypes were identified, including C. wrairi (in 129 guinea pigs), C. andersoni (in 34 hamsters), C. homai (in 32 guinea pigs), Cryptosporidium hamster genotype (in 30 hamsters), C. ubiquitum (in 24 chinchillas and squirrels), C. parvum (in 2 chinchillas), Cryptosporidium ferret genotype (in 2 chipmunks), C. muris (in 1 hamster and 1 guinea pig), and Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype V (in 1 chinchilla and 1 chipmunk). Sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene identified three subtype families of C. ubiquitum , including family XIId in 15 chinchillas, XIIa in 5 chinchillas, and a new subtype family (XIIi) in 1 squirrel. The identification of C. parvum and C. ubiquitum in pet rodents suggests that these animals, especially chinchillas, could serve as reservoirs of human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium spp. Hygiene should be practiced in the rear and care of these animals, and One Health measures should be developed to reduce the occurrence of zoonotic Cryptosporidium infections due to contact with pet rodents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. from pet rodents indicate high zoonotic potential of pathogens from chinchillas

et al. 2021

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“…Cryptosporidium ubiquitum, a species with broad host specificity, has been reported in domestic and wild ruminants, rodents, carnivores, and human and non-human primates [52][53][54][55][56]. The C. ubiquitum gp60 subtype family XIId in nutrias has been reported in humans, macaques, red deer, raccoons, woodchucks, chinchillas, and mink [18,29,[56][57][58][59], suggesting that it is broadly specific. In contrast, C. myocastoris n. sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidium myocastoris n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae), the Species Adapted to the Nutria (Myocastor coypus)

et al. 2021

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Cryptosporidium spp., common parasites of vertebrates, remain poorly studied in wildlife. This study describes the novel Cryptosporidium species adapted to nutrias (Myocastor coypus). A total of 150 faecal samples of feral nutria were collected from locations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and examined for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and specific DNA at the SSU, actin, HSP70, and gp60 loci. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of C. parvum (n = 1), C. ubiquitum subtype family XIId (n = 5) and Cryptosporidium myocastoris n. sp. XXIIa (n = 2), and XXIIb (n = 3). Only nutrias positive for C. myocastoris shed microscopically detectable oocysts, which measured 4.8–5.2 × 4.7–5.0 µm, and oocysts were infectious for experimentally infected nutrias with a prepatent period of 5–6 days, although not for mice, gerbils, or chickens. The infection was localised in jejunum and ileum without observable macroscopic changes. The microvilli adjacent to attached stages responded by elongating. Clinical signs were not observed in naturally or experimentally infected nutrias. Phylogenetic analyses at SSU, actin, and HSP70 loci demonstrated that C. myocastoris n. sp. is distinct from other valid Cryptosporidium species.

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“…All the 13 positive cases were imported from the Czech Republic, while 50 negatives were from Netherlands and USA Kubota et al . 2019 [ 83 ] Rabbits Kanagwa Juvenile 66 (diarrheic) 13 (19.7) 2 Two types identified based on microscopic examination. All juveniles were died after diarrhea Shibashi et al ., 2006 [ 145 ] Adult 30 (healthy) 1 (3.3) C., Cryptosporidium ; NS, not stated.…”

Section: Reported Animal Cases Of Cryptosporidiosis Species Diversitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cryptosporidium species are incriminated in the morbidity and mortality of pet rodents and rabbits. Cryptosporidium ubiquitum (XIId) in chinchillas was reportedly associated with a high fatality rate [ 83 ]. Similarly, juvenile pet rabbits with diarrhea that died were microscopically identified as having Cryptosporidium infections in Kanagawa Prefecture [ 145 ].…”

Section: Reported Animal Cases Of Cryptosporidiosis Species Diversitmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Cryptosporidium</i> species and cryptosporidiosis in Japan: a literature review and insights into the role played by animals in its transmission

El-Alfy

Nishikawa

2020

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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Cryptosporidium species infect domestic animals, livestock, and humans. These protozoan parasites are frequently reported as major environmental contaminants in many countries despite their differing climatic, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. This review focuses on the research findings that relate to Cryptosporidium epidemiology, genetic diversity, and associated risk factors relating to animals, contaminated water sources, and humans in Japan. Adequate knowledge of these factors is essential for understanding the economic and public health importance of cryptosporidiosis in Japan so that effective control strategies against it are implemented. Cryptosporidium infections are highly prevalent in animals in Japan. Among the different animal species, cattle infections stand out because of their economic importance and zoonotic potential. Living circumstances in Japan restrain Cryptosporidium transmission between humans, but there is evidence to suggest that animals, especially those in close contact with humans, can be potential sources of human infections. Water sampling studies have provided clues about how environmental contamination with Cryptosporidium oocysts can cause infections in livestock and wild animals. There is some evidence of personto-person transmission of cryptosporidiosis, but only occasionally and under certain circumstances. By identifying the major role played by animals in Cryptosporidium transmission to people in Japan, we highlight the urgent need for disease control against this pathogen.

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Molecular and histopathological features of Cryptosporidium ubiquitum infection in imported chinchillas Chinchilla lanigera in Japan

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Genetic characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. from pet rodents indicate high zoonotic potential of pathogens from chinchillas

Genetic characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. from pet rodents indicate high zoonotic potential of pathogens from chinchillas

Cryptosporidium myocastoris n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae), the Species Adapted to the Nutria (Myocastor coypus)

<i>Cryptosporidium</i> species and cryptosporidiosis in Japan: a literature review and insights into the role played by animals in its transmission

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