Molecular and morphometric variation in chromosomally differentiated populations of the grasshopper Sinipta dalmani (Orthopthera: Acrididae)

Abstract

Sinipta dalmani is an Argentine grasshopper whose chromosome polymorphisms have been widely studied through cytogenetic, morphometric, and fitness component analyses. The present work analysed molecular and morphometric variation in seven chromosomally differentiated populations from Entre Rios and Buenos Aires provinces to analyse population structure. Molecular studies were performed studying RAPD loci and morphometric analyses were carried out measuring five morphometric traits. Genetic variability was high in all studied populations and was characterized by a decrease in H as a function of latitude and temperature. Both conventional F(ST) analysis and Bayesian approach for dominant marker showed that there were significant genetic differences among all populations, between provinces, and among populations within provinces. Entre Rios populations showed higher mean numbers of migrants per generation as well as low genetic differentiation and high gene flow with almost all populations whereas Buenos Aires populations may be considered as a result of a more recently colonization. There is considerable morphometric variation between populations and this variation correlates with latitude and temperature. Our results suggest that selection contributes to phenotypic differentiation among populations by moulding the differences in trait means whereas genetic drift is responsible for differences in the matrix of variance-covariance. The gene flow detected is insufficient to prevent phenotypic and chromosome divergences.

Population Genetic Structure of the Grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans in the South and East of the Iberian Peninsula

“…These values are similar to those described for ISSR markers in other insects such as, for instance, Antheraea mylitta [24] and Plutella xylostella [28]. Much lower values were found for ISSR markers in the hymenopteran Gonatocerus ashmeadi [27], but higher values have been reported for RAPDs in the South American grasshopper Sinipta dalmani (0.274–0.326) [41] and the mosquito Anopheles darlingi (0.27–0.32) [42].…”

“…slightly higher than those detected by us for the ISSR markers in E. plorans , but no significant IBD was found among the 8 populations analyzed in S. dalmani [41]. These authors explained this lack of IBD by non-gradual divergence among the populations analyzed.…”

Discriminating species of Sinipta Stål (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Uruguay based on morphological, ethological and molecular data

“…) could actually refer to any of the other species. Therefore, distinguishing correctly among the different species becomes crucial as they are frequently used as a biomodel (mainly named as S. dalmani ) in different studies, including genetic studies on chromosomic polymorphisms, genetic recombination, speciation processes (Sesarini & Remis ; Remis ,b), ecological studies (Cigliano et al ; De Wysiecki et al ; Mariottini et al ; Zerbino et al ) or phenological studies. The peculiarities of their life cycles (Sánchez ; Carbonell et al ; Mariottini et al ), which are similar to those of North American species (Squitier & Capinera ; Mariottini et al ), also make S. dalmani a useful model for comparative studies between different regions (Squitier & Capinera ; Mariottini et al ).…”

“…Different aspects of the biology of S. dalmani, which is economically important in the form of a mild plague (COPR 1982;Carbonell et al 2006), have been extensively studied. These aspects include its habitat (Bruner 1900(Bruner , 1906Liebermann 1941a;Hepper 1945;Gangwere & Ronderos 1975;Sánchez 1981;COPR 1982), feeding habits (Ronderos et al 1981;COPR 1982;Carbonell et al 2006), phenology (Bruner 1900;Liebermann 1948Liebermann , 1950Silveira Guido et al 1958;Sánchez 1981;COPR 1982;Carbonell et al 2006;Mariottini et al 2011), abundance and diversity in communities (Hepper 1945;Silveira Guido et al 1958;Sánchez & De Wysiecki 1993;Cigliano et al 2000Cigliano et al , 2002De Wysiecki et al 2000, 2004Torrusio et al 2002;Mariottini et al 2013;Zerbino et al 2016), sexual chromosome system (Sánchez 1981;Mesa et al 1983;Mariottini et al 2011) and its molecular and morphometric variations (Sesarini & Remis 2008). This last study found high genetic variability among S. dalmani populations.…”

Genetic Variability and Changes of Elemental Concentrations in Cells of Tetrix tenuicornis (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Polluted and Unpolluted Areas

“…In the present study, random amplified DNA polymorphism (RAPD) revealed by the polymerase chain reaction method (RAPD-PCR) have been applied to investigate effects of heavy metals at the population level by studying the phenetic structure of T. tenuicornis populations from polluted and unpolluted sites. The RAPD method has been used by other authors to generate molecular markers and analyze genetic and phenetic vari-abilities in different organisms, including humans, fungi and plants (WILLIAMS et al 1991;LARK et al 1992;KOLLER et al 1993;STILES et al 1993) and insects (BLACK et al 1992;ZHOU et al 2000;SHARMA et al 2003;KIM & SAPPINGTON 2004;SESARINI & REMIS 2008). It has already been applied in ecotoxicology (WOLF et al 2004) to diagnose the genotoxicity of copper (ATIENZAR et al 2001), lead and other metals (ROSS et al 2002), benzo[a]pirene (ATIENZAR et al 1999(ATIENZAR et al , 2002a(ATIENZAR et al , 2002b, and UV or X rays (ATIENZAR et al 2000;JONES & KORTENKAMP 2000).…”