Molecular basis of the LOCR (Rh55) antigen

Coghlan, Gail; Moulds, Marilyn; Nylen, Edward; Zelinski, Teresa

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00968.x

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…RBCs with altered Rhce and considered to be hr S − included ceAR, ceBI, ceEK, and ceMO, and those considered to be hr B − included ce S (encoded by RHCE * ce 48C, 733G, 1006T ), ceMO, 1,12 and (C)ce S (r′ S ) 1 . Partial c antigens have been reported to be associated with RH:−26, (C)ce S , ce S (340), and ceAR 13‐20 . We have shown here that RhceCF expresses partial c and e antigens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The RhD protein is well known to have numerous epitopes that were first recognized by testing anti-D made by D+ people against RBCs from each other. 6 These altered RhD were classified into six distinct categories, but introduction of monoclonal anti-D expanded the number of epitopes to 16,7 and finally, as many as 30 different epitopes appear to be recognized by monoclonal anti-D. 8 Alteration of D epitopes results from single or multiple amino acid changes in the RhD protein. When a patient makes alloanti-D but has RBCs that type as D+, the RBCs are considered to express a partial D antigen.…”

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confidence: 99%

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*RHCE***ceCF* encodes partial c and partial e but not CELO, an antigen antithetical to Crawford

et al. 2011

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Background RH43 (Crawford) is encoded by RHCE*ce with nucleotide changes 48G>C, 697C>G, and 733C>G (RHCE*ceCF). We investigated the Rh antigen expression and antibody specificities in four patients with this allele. Methods Hemagglutination tests, DNA extraction, PCR-RFLP, AS-PCR, reticulocyte RNA isolation, RT-PCR cDNA analyses, cloning, and sequencing were performed by standard procedures. Results RBCs from two patients typed D+C−E−c+e+/−, hrS−/+W, hrB− and their serum was reactive (3+) with all RBC samples of common Rh phenotype tested, but non reactive with Rhnull or D- - RBCs (apparent alloanti-Rh17). At the RHCE locus, Patient 1 was homozygous for RHCE*ceCF, and Patient 2 inherited RHCE*ceCF in trans to a silenced RHCE*cE. Cross testing of serum and RBCs from these two samples showed mutual compatibility, indicating that both antibodies define the same novel high prevalence antigen on Rhce. Two additional patients, one whose serum contained alloanti-c but the RBCs typed C+c+, and one whose serum contained anti-e but the RBCs typed E+e+, also had RHCE*ceCF. RHCE*Ce was present in trans in the former and RHCE*cE in the latter patient. Conclusion We report that amino acid changes on RhceCF (Trp16Cys, Gln233Glu, and Leu245Val) alter the protein to the extent that c and e antigens are partial, and a high prevalence antigen, we have named CELO (provisional ISBT number 004058; RH58) is not expressed. CELO is antithetical to RH43 (Crawford).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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confidence: 99%

*RHCE***ceCF* encodes partial c and partial e but not CELO, an antigen antithetical to Crawford

et al. 2011

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“…The other was anti-Rh26, which can appear as anti-c, and has been made by a Rh26−, c− person [3] and also by a RH26−, c+ person [4]. Molecular studies have shown that Rh26 is antithetical to the low-prevalence antigen LOCR and serological studies have shown that the LOCR+ phenotype encodes altered (weakened) expression of c [5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alloanti‐c in a c‐positive, JAL‐positive patient

et al. 2009

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Background and Objectives-In the Rh blood group system, partial D, C, and e antigens are well-known, but a partial c antigen resulting in the production of alloanti-c in a c+ individual is rare. One example of an alloanti-c in a c+ person was an anti-Rh26, which can appear as anti-c, and another was an alloanti-c in a c+ person with a presumed R 1 r phenotype. The finding of an apparent alloanti-c in a transfused c+ patient initiated this investigation.

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“…Numerous other examples exist where c, e and often f (ce) antigen expression is weakened [7] and some are associated with the expression of other low prevalence Rhce antigens, e.g. LOCR (Rh55; Gly96Ser in loop 2) [13] and JAHK (Rh53; Ser122Leu in loop 2) [14]. In Proband 1, where the entire RHCE*ce gene was sequenced, the nucleotides (and predicted amino acids) associated with expression of c were present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The low prevalence Rh antigen Be^a(Rh36) is associated withRHCE*ce662C>G in exon 5, which is predicted to encode Rhce 221Arg

et al. 2010

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Background and Objectives The low prevalence antigen, Be a , is produced by a complex that also produces weak c, e and f (ce). We report here the molecular basis associated with Be a antigen expression. Materials and MethodsPeripheral blood samples from four Be(a+) probands were tested. Haemagglutination, gDNA extraction, PCR-based assays, reticulocyte RNA isolation, Rh-cDNA analyses, and sequencing were performed by standard procedures.Results RBCs from Probands 1 and 3 were D)C)E)c+e+, and from Probands 2 and 4 were D+C+E)c+ W e+. In proband 1, cDNA sequencing of RHCE revealed heterozygosity of nucleotide (nt) 662C ⁄ G in exon 5 of RHCE*ce. No other nucleotide changes were observed. As the 662C>G nucleotide change ablates a MscI restriction enzyme cleavage site, PCR-RFLP analysis was performed and the RHCE*ce nt 662C ⁄ G heterozygosity was detected on gDNA from the four probands and two children from both Proband 3 and Proband 4. ConclusionThe low prevalence Rh antigen, Be a , is associated with a single nucleotide change in exon 5 of RHCE*ce; that of 662C>G and this change is predicted to alter proline at amino acid position 221 of Rhce to arginine. The fundamental differences in the properties of these two amino acids may impose a steric and ⁄ or charge-related effect on the protein, and thereby provide an explanation for the weakened expression of c, e and f (ce) antigens in the Be a phenotype.

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Molecular basis of the LOCR (Rh55) antigen

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

*RHCE***ceCF* encodes partial c and partial e but not CELO, an antigen antithetical to Crawford

*RHCE***ceCF* encodes partial c and partial e but not CELO, an antigen antithetical to Crawford

Alloanti‐c in a c‐positive, JAL‐positive patient

The low prevalence Rh antigen Be^a(Rh36) is associated withRHCE*ce662C>G in exon 5, which is predicted to encode Rhce 221Arg

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Molecular basis of the LOCR (Rh55) antigen

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

RHCE*ceCF encodes partial c and partial e but not CELO, an antigen antithetical to Crawford

RHCE*ceCF encodes partial c and partial e but not CELO, an antigen antithetical to Crawford

Alloanti‐c in a c‐positive, JAL‐positive patient

The low prevalence Rh antigen Bea(Rh36) is associated withRHCE*ce662C>G in exon 5, which is predicted to encode Rhce 221Arg

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*RHCE***ceCF* encodes partial c and partial e but not CELO, an antigen antithetical to Crawford

*RHCE***ceCF* encodes partial c and partial e but not CELO, an antigen antithetical to Crawford

The low prevalence Rh antigen Be^a(Rh36) is associated withRHCE*ce662C>G in exon 5, which is predicted to encode Rhce 221Arg