Molecular characterization and expression analysis of chitinase from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata

Li, Haimei; Wang, Deqing; Deng, Zhenghua; Huang, Guiju; Fan, Sigang; Daizhi, Zhou; Liu, Bao-Suo; Zhang, Bo; Yu, Dahui

doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.10.007

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…To understand molluscan GH family expansion for functional divergence, we focused on the GH18 family (chitinase), which is known to have complex and diverse biological functions and participate in molluscan shell formation, algal digestion, immunity, and early embryonic development [68] , [69] , [89] , [90] , [91] . GH18 family genes are widely distributed in representatives of all kingdoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and transcriptomic landscapes and evolutionary dynamics of molluscan glycoside hydrolase families with implications for algae-feeding biology

Wang

Yao

et al. 2020

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and transcriptomic landscapes and evolutionary dynamics of molluscan glycoside hydrolase families with implications for algae-feeding biology

Wang

Yao

et al. 2020

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

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“…Phylogenic analysis also showed that Cg chs1 was close to chitin synthase from invertebrates such as B. glabrata, M. yessoensis (Bulawa, 1992; Luo et al, 2015). Cg chit4 exhibited high sequence similarity (41–52%) with chitinase from other vertebrates and invertebrates, and it was clustered with chitinases from invertebrates such as P. fucata and H. cumingii (Gao et al, 2014; Li et al, 2017). These results indicated that Cg chs1 and Cg chit4 might belong to the family of chitin synthase and chitinase in molluscs, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was speculated that chitin synthesis contributed via signal transduction pathways to the implementation of hierarchical patterns into chitin mineral-composites such as prismatic, nacre, and crossed-lamellar shell types (Schonitzer and Weiss, 2007). Meanwhile, it was found that the chitinase of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata might possess key function in the biomineralization of shell (Li et al, 2017). Similar results were also reported in C. gigas that chitinase could regulate the shell formation in larvae under the modulation of dopamine (Liu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inhibition of Ocean Acidification on the Formation of Oyster Calcified Shell by Regulating the Expression of Cgchs1 and Cgchit4

et al. 2019

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The biosynthesis of a calcified shell is critical for the development of oyster larvae. This process can be severely inhibited by CO 2 -induced ocean acidification, causing mass mortality of oyster larvae. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of such process has not been well explored until now. In the present study, a homolog of chitin synthase (named as Cg chs1) and a homolog of chitinase (named as Cg chit4) were identified from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas . The cDNA sequences of Cg chs1 and Cg chit4 were of 813 bp and 2118 bp, encoding a putative polypeptide of 271 amino acids and 706 amino acids, respectively. There were a Chitin_synth_2 domain and a Glyco_18 domain in the inferred amino acid sequences of Cg chs1 and Cg chit4, respectively. Both Cg chs1 and Cg chit4 shared high sequence identity with their homologs in vertebrates. In addition, when oyster larvae were exposed to acidification treatment (pH 7.4), their shell biosynthesis process was seriously restrained. The expression level of Cg chs1 mRNA was significantly suppressed while that of Cg chit4 was dramatically activated upon acidification treatment. Cg chs1 and Cg chit4 are critical enzymes for chitin metabolism, and such changes in their mRNA expression could result in the decrease of chitin content in oyster larvae’s shells, which might lead to the failure of shell formation. Therefore, results in the present study suggested that acidified seawater might inhibit the formation of oyster calcified shell by suppressing the biosynthesis of chitin.

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“…These previous results suggested that the complex of chitinolytic enzymes kept enzymatic activity in the shell [19]. Although chitin has been identified in various kinds of molluscan shells, which provide scaffolds for crystallization [1,4,24], only a few chitinolytic enzymes have been identified from molluscan shells, and their functions in shells are unknown [25][26][27]. Because chitinolytic enzymes binding chitin were identified from calcite prisms and possessed the ability to degrade chitin in the shell, we identified the cooperative functions of chitin and chitinolytic enzymes involved in the formation of small angle grain boundaries in calcite prisms.…”

Section: Identification Of Components In An Intracrystalline Organic mentioning

confidence: 98%

Functional analyses of chitinolytic enzymes in the formation of calcite prisms inPinctada fucata

Kintsu

Pérez‐Huerta

Ohtsuka³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: The mollusk shells present distinctive microstructures that are formed by small amounts of organic matrices controlling the crystal growth of calcium carbonate. These microstructures show superior mechanical properties such as strength or flexibility. The shell of Pinctada fucata has the prismatic layer consisting of prisms of single calcite crystals. These crystals contain small-angle grain boundaries caused by a dense intracrystalline organic matrix network to improve mechanical strength. Previously, we identified chitin and chitinolytic enzymes as components of this intracrystalline organic matrix. In this study, we analyzed the function of those organic matrices in calcium carbonate crystallization by in vitro and in vivo experiments.Results: We analyzed calcites synthesized in chitin gel with or without chitinolytic enzymes by using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). TEM observations showed that grain boundary was more induced as concentration of chitinolytic enzymes increased and thus, chitin became thinner. In an optimal concentration of chitinolytic enzymes, small-angle grain boundaries were observed. APT analysis showed that ion clusters derived from chitin were detected. In order to clarify the importance of chitinolytic enzymes on the formation of the prismatic layer in vivo , we performed the experiment in which chitinase inhibitor was injected into a living Pinctada fucata and then analyzed the change of mechanical properties of the prismatic layer. The hardness and elastic modulus increased after injection of chitinase inhibitor. Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) mapping data showed that the spread of crystal orientations in whole single crystal also increased by the effect of inhibitor injections.Conclusion: Our results suggested that chitinolytic enzymes may function cooperatively with chitin to regulate the crystal growth and mechanical properties of the prismatic layer, and chitinolytic enzymes are essential for the formation of the normal prismatic layer of P. fucata.

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Molecular characterization and expression analysis of chitinase from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Genomic and transcriptomic landscapes and evolutionary dynamics of molluscan glycoside hydrolase families with implications for algae-feeding biology

Genomic and transcriptomic landscapes and evolutionary dynamics of molluscan glycoside hydrolase families with implications for algae-feeding biology

The Inhibition of Ocean Acidification on the Formation of Oyster Calcified Shell by Regulating the Expression of Cgchs1 and Cgchit4

Functional analyses of chitinolytic enzymes in the formation of calcite prisms inPinctada fucata

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