Molecular characterization and expression analysis of eleven interferon regulatory factors in half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis

Zhang, Jian; Li, Yongxin; Hu, Yonghua

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.033

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…2). This disparate property of DrIRF3 and DrIRF7 is also seen in other fish species (28,(44)(45)(46)(47), implying the pos- sibility that fish IRF3 and IRF7 are required for IFN responses in various cell types. Interestingly, very weak transcription of two zebrafish IFN genes, DrIFNF1 and DrIFNF3, is detected in healthy zebrafish tissues in which DrIRF1/3/7 are also constitutively abundant (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Zebrafish IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7 Differentially Regulate IFNΦ1 and IFNΦ3 Expression through Assembly of Homo- or Heteroprotein Complexes

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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In mammals, IFN regulatory factor (IRF)1, IRF3, and IRF7 are three critical transcription factors that are pivotal for cooperative regulation of the type I IFN response. In this study, we explored the relative contribution of zebrafish (Danio rerio) IRF1 (DrIRF1), IRF3 (DrIRF3), and IRF7 (DrIRF7) (DrIRF1/3/7) to zebrafish IFNΦ1 (DrIFNΦ1) and IFNΦ3 (DrIFNΦ3) (DrIFNΦ1/3) activation. Following spring viremia of carp virus infection, DrIFNΦ1/3 and DrIRF1/3/7 transcripts are significantly induced in zebrafish tissues, which correlates with the replication of spring viremia of carp virus. DrIRF1/3/7 selectively bind to the IRF-binding element/IFN-stimulated regulatory element sites of DrIFNΦ1/3 promoters, with the exception that DrIRF3 has no preference for two IRF-binding element/IFN-stimulated regulatory element motifs within the DrIFNΦ3 promoter. Consistently, DrIRF3 alone activates DrIFNΦ1, but not DrIFNΦ3; DrIRF7 predominantly stimulates DrIFNΦ3; and DrIRF1 has similar potential to DrIFNΦ1 and DrIFNΦ3. Strikingly, DrIRF3 facilitates the binding of DrIRF1 and DrIRF7 to both zebrafish IFN promoters, and so does DrIRF7 for the binding of DrIRF1, particularly to the DrIFNΦ3 promoter. These binding properties correlate with differential responses of DrIFNΦ1 and DrIFNΦ3 to the combinatory stimulation of DrIRF1/3/7, depending on their relative amounts. Similar to the dual roles of human IRF3 in regulating IRF7-activated IFNα genes, DrIRF3 exerts dual effects on DrIRF1-mediated DrIFNΦ3 gene expression: an inhibitory effect at lower concentrations and a synergistic effect at higher concentrations. These data provide evidence that fish and mammals have evolved a similar IRF-dependent regulatory mechanism fine-tuning IFN gene activation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Zebrafish IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7 Differentially Regulate IFNΦ1 and IFNΦ3 Expression through Assembly of Homo- or Heteroprotein Complexes

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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“…irf9 from P. olivaceus was highly expressed in the kidney, head kidney and spleen, whereas low levels were found in the skin, stomach and muscle (Hu et al, ). In Gadus morhua L. 1758 and C. semilaevis , irf9 mRNA was highly expressed in the muscle, which is a nonimmune organ (Inkpen et al, ; Zhang et al, ). M. amblycephala irf9 was highly expressed in the blood, liver and intestine, whereas low levels were detected in other tissues (Zhan et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In P. olivaceus , L. crocea and M. miiuy , the expression of irf9 was also enhanced by poly I:C in various tissues and cells: in the former, irf9 was slightly induced in the gill, head kidney and muscle (1.43–2.35 folds); in L. crocea , irf9 was significantly increased in the spleen, kidney and liver; and in M. miiuy , irf9 was up‐regulated in the kidney and liver tissues, but it was not up‐regulated in the spleen (Hu et al, ; Tang et al, ; Yang et al, ). Moreover, irf9 mRNA was up‐regulated upon megalocytivirus and lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) infection in various tissues of C. semilaevis and P. olivaceus , respectively (Zhang et al, ). Despite the different expression patterns in different tissues of various teleosts, the important position of teleost irf9 in the immune response was observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding is consistent with the study in M. amblycephala , which the highest induction of irf9 by A. hydrophila was shown in the spleen with a 16 fold change at 120 hpi (Zhan et al, ). In addition, C. semilaevis irf9 was up‐regulated upon Vibrio harveyi and Edwardsiella tarda infection (Zhang et al, ) and L. crocea irf9 was induced by Vibrio anguillarum infection (Tang et al, ). Notably, the highest induction of irf9 in spleen (72 hpi), head kidney (72 hpi), foregut (24 hpi) and hindgut (6 hpi) was detected after injection with A. hydrophila , which was different from the expression patterns upon poly I:C stimulation, implying that the hindgut may be the first site against the invading bacterial pathogens, while in spleen, head kidney and foregut, irf9 could participate in the later stages of the immune response against bacterial pathogens, which was different from other IRF genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diverse roles of the protein encoded by the mammalian IRF9 gene have been well studied. Studies on this gene have been reported in several fish species, including zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) (Shi et al, ), grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes 1844) (Liao et al, ), crucian carp Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) (Shi et al, ), Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. 1758 (Sobhkhez et al, ), half‐smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther 1873 (Zhang et al, ), blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala Yih 1955 (Zhan et al, ), large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea (Richardson 1846) (Tang et al, ), puffer fish Dichotomyctere nigroviridis (Marion de Procé 1822) (Cheng et al, ), Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) (Hu et al, ) and miiuy croaker Miichthys miiuy (Basilewsky 1855) (Yang et al, ; Zhao et al, ). Most of the studies focused on the functional role of Irf9 in antiviral and antibacterial responses and the results showed that Irf9 can be induced by polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), virus or bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization and functional analysis of interferon regulatory factor 9 (irf9) in common carp Cyprinus carpio: a pivotal molecule in the Ifn response against pathogens

Zhu

Shan

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Biology

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In the present study, interferon (IFN) regulatory factor (IRF) 9 gene (irf9) was identified and characterized in common carp Cyprinus carpio. The predicted protein sequence of Irf9 contains a DNA binding domain (DBD) that possess five tryptophans, an IRF association domain (IAD) and two nuclear localisation signals (NLS). Alignment of Irf9 of C. carpio with the corresponding Irf9 proteins of other species showed that the DBD is more highly conserved than the IAD. The putative Irf9 protein sequence of C. carpio shares higher identities with teleosts (53.8–82.3%) and lower identities with mammals (30.2–31.0%). Phylogenetic studies of the putative amino‐acid sequence of IRF9 based on the neighbour‐joining method showed that Irf9 of C. carpio has the closest relationship with the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Tissue distribution analysis showed that irf9 transcripts were detectable in all examined tissues with the highest expression in the skin and the lowest expression in the head kidney. Poly I:C and Aeromonas hydrophila stimulation up‐regulated irf9 expression in the spleen, head kidney, foregut and hindgut at different time intervals. In addition, irf9 was induced by Poly I:C and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in vitro. These results indicate that Irf9 participates in antiviral and antibacterial immunity. Transfection of irf9 up‐regulated the expression of cytokines, including type I IFN, protein kinase R (PKR), interferon‐stimulated gene (ISG)15 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells (EPC) upon poly I:C and LPS stimulation. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay revealed that Irf9 has no effect on NF‐κB activation. The present study on Irf9 provides new insights into the IFN system of C. carpio and a valuable experimental platform for future studies on the immune system of fish.

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Activation of Toll like receptor 3 induces spermatogonial stem cell apoptosis

Song

Luo

et al. 2015

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Germ cell apoptosis may be associated with the male infertility. The pathogenesis is to be further understood. Viral infection is one of the causative factors of apoptosis of the body cells. This study aims to investigate the role of activation of Toll like receptor (TLR)3 in the induction of germ cell apoptosis. In this study, spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) were isolated from C57BL/6 mouse testes. The expression of TLR3 on SSC was by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) was employed to activate TLR3 on SSCs. The results showed that re-activation by PolyI:C induced SSC apoptosis. Exposure to PolyI:C induced interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation in SSCs. TLR3 and IRF3 formed a complex in the SSCs. The complex of TLR3/IRF3 bound to the promoter of Fas ligand and promoted Fas ligand expression in SSC, and thus induced SSC apoptosis. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that activation of TLR3 by PolyI:C induces the SSC apoptosis, which implies that viral infection may interfere with the male germ cell development.

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Molecular characterization and expression analysis of eleven interferon regulatory factors in half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis

Cited by 74 publications

References 81 publications

Zebrafish IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7 Differentially Regulate IFNΦ1 and IFNΦ3 Expression through Assembly of Homo- or Heteroprotein Complexes

Zebrafish IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7 Differentially Regulate IFNΦ1 and IFNΦ3 Expression through Assembly of Homo- or Heteroprotein Complexes

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of interferon regulatory factor 9 (irf9) in common carp Cyprinus carpio: a pivotal molecule in the Ifn response against pathogens

Activation of Toll like receptor 3 induces spermatogonial stem cell apoptosis

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