Molecular characterization and expression analysis of nuclear oligomerization domain proteins NOD1 and NOD2 in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

Cloning of two rainbow trout nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) splice variants and functional characterization of the NOD2 effector domains

“…In the present study, one interesting finding was the ability of the trout NOD2 effector domains to affect not only type I interferon expression but also type II interferon expression. Since a reciprocal induction between trout NOD2 and IFN-g was observed in RTG-2 cells, the present study further supports our previous hypothesis [10] that fish NOD2 may act in synergy with IFN-g in fish immune responses to viral infection.…”

“…dfci.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/tgi/Blast/index.cgi) were searched using the grass carp NOD2 protein sequence [10] as a bait sequence for TBLASTX analysis. Several candidate ESTs were found with high sequence homology to known NODs, among which EST sequences TC74620 (Salmo salar) and CX244678 (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aligned well with the C terminal and middle region of NOD2 respectively.…”

“…In teleost fish, orthologs of human NOD2 have been reported in zebrafish [15,16], channel catfish [17], and grass carp [10]. In the present study, our main aims were to assess whether fish NOD2 can undergo alternative splicing, as well as whether NOD2 domains have different effects in inflammatory events.…”

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of peptidoglycan recognition protein 6 in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

“…With the availability of gene information for grass carp and also their possible relevance to PGRPs, the genes examined were NOD1 (FJ937972) and NOD2 (FJ937973), which have been suggested to bind PGNs in teleost fish (Chen et al, 2010c), pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2 (AF486820) and TNF-a (EU047718) and antimicrobial molecules hepcidin (JQ246442), G-type lysozyme (EU835653) and perforin (AY445930), which may be produced as possible effector molecules in PGRPs induced signal pathways (Cho et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2007). The methods for QRT-PCR to examine the expression of innate immune genes were similar to those described previously (Li et al, 2013).…”

Functional characterization of a short peptidoglycan recognition protein, PGRP5 in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

“…With the availability of grass carp genes in public database and their possible relevance to short PGRPs, the expression of following genes was examined in transfected CIK cells, including heat shock proteins (Hsps), i.e. Hsp60, Hscp70 and Hsp70, the last of which has been reported to form a complex with a short PGRP in human lymphocytes [21,22], NOD1 and NOD2 which have been suggested to bind PGNs in teleost fish [23], MyD88, an adaptor molecule in Toll-like receptor pathways which may be involved in PGRP induced signal pathways, and a proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-a as well as antimicrobial peptides, hepcidin and g-type lysozyme, which may be produced as possible effector molecules [18,24]. It was thus considered that the present study would provide a clearer picture in understanding the function of PGRP5 in teleost fish.…”