Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of Maedi Visna and Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis viral sequences in sheep and goats from Spain

Reina, Ramsés; Mora, María I.; Glaria, Idoia; García, Iker; Solano, Cristina; Luján, Lluís; Badiola, Juan José; Contreras, A.; Berriatua, E.; Juste, Ramón A.; Mamoun, R.; Rolland, Morgane; Amorena, B.; Andrés, D. de

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2006.05.011

Cited by 59 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…No clear differences were noticed with respect to the overall score of goat samples from the different geographical areas, although in Norway predominantly phylogenetic group C sequences were found (Gjerset et al, 2006) and in Spain the more sheep SRLV prototypes related groups A or D are predominant (Reina et al, 2006). However, the number of samples per country investigated in this study is rather small which prohibits firm conclusions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…The use of PCR in routine settings, however, is still limited because of the low sensitivity attained so far and the difficulties arising from the notorious genomic heterogeneity of the SRLV since lentiviruses are among the most rapidly evolving genomes (Blacklaws et al, 2004;Angelopoulou et al, 2005;De Andrés et al, 2005;Reina et al, 2006), which severely complicates the design of generally applicable oligonucleotides for priming and probing. Another reason is the relatively high cost per sample as consequence of the complexity of the sample preparation and PCR procedures developed so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific detection of small ruminant lentiviral nucleic acid sequences located in the proviral long terminal repeat and leader-gag regions using real-time polymerase chain reaction

Brinkhof

Maanen

Wigger

et al. 2008

Journal of Virological Methods

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Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of proviral nucleic acid sequences of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) in blood samples was developed and evaluated.Priming oligonucleotides were designed on the highly conserved 5 untranslated leader-gag region while those on the long terminal repeat (LTR) assay were derived from literature. DNA was extracted from the buffycoat interlayer of centrifuged blood samples. Real-time PCR was performed by means of LightCycler technology (Roche Applied Science) using melting temperature analysis (SYBR Green I) for detection. Results were compared with those of serology using samples from Dutch sheep and goat flocks with known SRLV statuses, with sequential samples from a natural transmission experiment and samples from different regions in Norway, France, Spain and Italy.Real-time PCR testing, especially the application of oligonucleotides for priming the leader-gag region appeared promising in detecting SRLV specific proviral DNA in blood samples from both sheep and goats.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific detection of small ruminant lentiviral nucleic acid sequences located in the proviral long terminal repeat and leader-gag regions using real-time polymerase chain reaction

Brinkhof

Maanen

Wigger

et al. 2008

Journal of Virological Methods

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“…This is in contrast with other previous isolates in Spain that belonged to A and D VMV-like groups. 12,29 In the local semi-intensive production system, a certain number of goats are always kept in the majority of flocks admixed with sheep to feed orphan lambs or lambs from ewes with mastitis. Interestingly, the genome of isolate 496 was CAEV-like B2 except at the integrase region of the pol gene, where it was VMV-like.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Ruminant Lentivirus–Induced Arthritis

et al. 2014

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We describe the clinicopathologic features of an arthritis outbreak in sheep induced by small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), linked to the presence of a new SRLV isolate phylogenetically assigned to caprine arthritis encephalitis virus-like subgroup B2. Thirteen SRLV seropositive Rasa Aragonesa adult ewes were selected from 5 SRLV highly infected flocks (mean seroprevalence, 90.7%) for presenting uni-or bilateral chronic arthritis in the carpal joint. A complete study was performed, including symptomatology, histopathology, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and microbiology. The carpus was the joint almost exclusively affected, with 10 sheep (76%) showing a moderate increase in carpal joint size (diameter range, 18-20 cm; normal range, 15-16 cm) without signs of locomotion problems and with 3 ewes (23%) showing severe inflammation with marked increase in diameter (21-24 cm), pain at palpation, and abnormal standing position. Grossly, chronic proliferative arthritis was observed in affected joints characterized by an increased thickness of the synovial capsule and synovial membrane proliferation. Microscopically, synovial membrane inflammation and proliferation and hyperplasia of synoviocytes were observed. More positive cases of SLRV infection were detected by immunocytochemistry of articular fluid than of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization also detected positive cells in the subsynovial connective tissue, lung, mediastinal lymph node, mammary gland, and mammary lymph node. All animals were negative for the presence of Mycoplasma or other bacteria in the articular space. The present outbreak likely represents an adaptation of a caprine virus to sheep. Our results underline the importance of the arthritis induced by SRLV in sheep, a clinical form that might be underestimated.

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“…To date, group A contains nine subtypes (A1-A9) and group B contains two subtypes (B1 and B2). A limited number of highly divergent SRLV strains recently identified in several European countries have been included in three additional SRLV groups, named C-E (Gjerset et al, 2006;Grego et al, 2007;Reina et al, 2006;Shah et al, 2004a). Whilst VMV and CAEV were originally considered to be specific to sheep and goats, respectively, most subtypes have been isolated from both host species (Gjerset et al, 2007;Leroux et al, 1997;Reina et al, 2006;Rolland et al, 2002;Shah et al, 2004a;Zanoni, 1998), suggesting that cross-species infection may occur under field conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A limited number of highly divergent SRLV strains recently identified in several European countries have been included in three additional SRLV groups, named C-E (Gjerset et al, 2006;Grego et al, 2007;Reina et al, 2006;Shah et al, 2004a). Whilst VMV and CAEV were originally considered to be specific to sheep and goats, respectively, most subtypes have been isolated from both host species (Gjerset et al, 2007;Leroux et al, 1997;Reina et al, 2006;Rolland et al, 2002;Shah et al, 2004a;Zanoni, 1998), suggesting that cross-species infection may occur under field conditions. This presumption has been confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of SRLV sequences isolated among sheep and goats from mixed flocks, providing direct evidence for natural interspecies transmission of subtype A4 in both directions (Shah et al, 2004b), as well as subtype B1 and group C from goats to sheep (Gjerset et al, 2007;Pisoni et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evaluation of a gag/env heteroduplex mobility assay for genetic subtyping of small-ruminant lentiviruses

Germain

Croisé

Valas

2008

Journal of General Virology

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Small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) display a high genetic diversity and are currently classified into five genotypes and an increasing number of subtypes. The co-circulation of subtypes in restricted geographical regions, combined with the occurrence of cross-species infection, suggests the need for development of a large-scale screening methodology for rapid monitoring of the prevalence of the various genetic subtypes and their genetic evolution. Here, a heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) was developed for the rapid identification of group B subtypes. The assay was validated for both the p14 nucleocapsid-coding region of the gag gene and the V1-V2 region of the env gene using a panel of reference standards and was applied to the genetic subtyping of SRLV field isolates from five mixed flocks in France. Subtyping of 75 blood samples using the env HMA revealed a preferential distribution of subtypes B1 and B2 in sheep and goats, despite direct evidence for interspecies transmission of both subtypes. Adding the gag HMA to the env HMA provided evidence for dual infection and putative recombination between subtypes B1 and B2 in five goats, and between groups A and B in one sheep. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 100 % (23/23) and 96.7 % (30/31) of samples were correctly classified using the gag and env HMAs, respectively. These results indicate that dual infection and recombination may be a significant source of new variation in SRLV and provide a useful tool for the rapid genetic subtyping of SRLV isolates, which could be relevant for the development of more accurate diagnosis of prevalent SRLV strains in different countries.

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Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of Maedi Visna and Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis viral sequences in sheep and goats from Spain

Cited by 59 publications

References 24 publications

Specific detection of small ruminant lentiviral nucleic acid sequences located in the proviral long terminal repeat and leader-gag regions using real-time polymerase chain reaction

Specific detection of small ruminant lentiviral nucleic acid sequences located in the proviral long terminal repeat and leader-gag regions using real-time polymerase chain reaction

Small Ruminant Lentivirus–Induced Arthritis

Field evaluation of a gag/env heteroduplex mobility assay for genetic subtyping of small-ruminant lentiviruses

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