Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR as a molecular typing tool for Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry and humans

Abstract

Background and Aim: Salmonella spp. are one of the most important food-borne pathogens in the world, emerging as a major public health concern. Moreover, multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains have been isolated from salmonellosis outbreaks, which compromise its treatment success. This study was conducted to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella strains isolated from broilers and humans from the regions of Tolima and Santander (Colombia). Materials and Methods: Salmonella spp. strains (n=49) were confirmed through molecular detection by amplification of the invA gene. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance was determined by the automated method and the agar diffusion method, and the presence of resistance genes was evaluated by PCR. Genotypic characterization was conducted using the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR method, from which a dendrogram was generated and the possible phylogenetic relationships were established. Results: Salmonella isolates were classified as MDR strains exhibiting resistance to four antibiotic classes, penicillins, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and cephalosporins, and the human strains were resistant to gentamicin. At the genotypic level, the isolates contained the genes blaCMY2, blaCTX-M, blaPSE-1, blaTEM, aadA1, srtB, dfrA1, sul2, and floR. The genotyping results obtained by ERIC-PCR allowed the grouping of strains according to the source of isolation. Conclusion: The Salmonella spp. strains exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics, as well as multiple genes associated with them, and the ERIC-PCR method was a technique that was helpful in generating clusters with biological significance.

Bacteriophages: Combating Antimicrobial Resistance in Food-Borne Bacteria Prevalent in Agriculture

“…This supports the notion that multidrug resistance from poultry-sourced Salmonella is capable of transferring human-infecting Salmonella, affecting the treatment of Salmonella infections in humans [17,18]. Reports of increasing AMR in Salmonella are appearing in both agriculture and humans, with high resistance, especially to amoxicillin (20% to 100%) and streptomycin (16.8% to 67.5%), which in addition to treating Salmonella infections is also used to treat a variety of other illnesses in humans [8,[17][18][19][20][21].…”

Molecular Epidemiology of Salmonella enterica in Poultry in South Africa Using the Farm-to-Fork Approach

“…In Columbia, Herrera-Sanchez et al [ 76 ] reported similar ERIC banding patterns consisting of 2—13 bands that ranged from 200 to 4000 bp in size whilst contrasting ERIC results of band sizes 15—1500 bp and 190—1430 bp were observed by Fendri et al [ 77 ] in France and Oliveria et al [ 78 ] in Brazil, respectively. Among the 210 isolates, there were various patterns and clusters.…”

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Broiler Farms at the Tolima Region—Colombia

“…Previous studies have reported that S . Paratyphi B isolated from poultry products in Colombia [ 14 , 43 ] have remarkable antibiotic resistance, and 22/24 Salmonella Paratyphi B isolates in this study were resistant to three antibiotic classes, penicillins (ampicillin), aminoglycosides (streptomycin), and cephalosporins (ceftriaxone and ceftazidime), that may have an impact in the treatments of human infections [ 44 ]. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance constitutes a global trend and international food trading restrictions could be pressuring drivers to promote control of Salmonella in Colombia [ 33 , 45 , 46 ].…”