Molecular characterization of human papillomavirus and mouse mammary tumor virus‑like infections in prostate cancer tissue and relevance with tumor characteristics

Abstract

The suspected roles of human Papillomavirus (HPV) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) infections in prostate tumor development were recently reported. To detect the frequency of HPV and MMTV-like infections and clinical correlates of tumor characteristics, DNA samples from 50 men treated at Teaching Hospital of Rabat City (Morocco) between June 2017 and February 2019, were genotyped and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Eight infections of HPV18 and two infections of MMTV-like were detected, and 50% of patients were at a Gleason score of 6. A significant association between Gleason score and HPV or MMTV-like infection was noted (P=0.0008); 90% of patients with viral infections presented with T1 and T2 pathological stage tumors. Yet, no significant differences were found between infected and noninfected men regarding other pathological parameters including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), tumor histological stage, age at diagnosis and radical prostatectomy treatment (P=0.2179, 0.4702, 0.8101, and 0.9644, respectively). The molecular evolution of HPV and MMTV in comparison with previously aligned sequences was discussed. Our findings provide a highlight on the correlations between the clinical-pathological parameters of prostate tumors and HPV and MMTV infections. Prospective studies with a wide sample size are needed for more statistical clarification of the association between viral infections with prostate tumor criteria.

Does Human Papillomavirus Play a Causative Role in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Review Using Bradford Hill’s Criteria

“…This study used a small sample size, and the higher GS observed in PCa samples may be due to chance. More recent studies reporting a larger sample size have produced consistent results, with significant associations between HPV infection and high GS with p values of 0.014, 0.003, and 0.0008, respectively [27,35,73]. However, other studies have found no association between HPV infection and tumour aggressiveness represented by GS [39,43,48], and one study even found a low GS in its one HPV-positive sample out of sixty PCa samples investigated for HPV presence [49].…”