Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The onset and progression of gastric cancer are attributed to numerous triggers, these triggers may be infection of the gastric epithelium by Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ), or by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Both agents can establish a lifelong persistent infection in the host, leading to chronic inflammation, which also contributes to cancer development. Objective: The objective of this study is to present the status of co-infection with H. pylori and EBV and the risk of developing adenocarcinoma at an early age in the population of Grand Casablanca. Methods In this study, 100 gastric tissue samples from patients with gastric cancer were examined for detection of H. pylori and EBV in tumor tissue using PCR techniques, and the clinical relevance was statistically analyzed. Results Results revealed an individual Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection observed in (40 %) of gastric carcinoma cases. Furthermore, the frequency of EBV infection was significantly different with intestinal and diffuse gastric cancer types [15 % vs. 85 %; <0.05]. The prevalence of individual H. pylori infections was 34 %, while the frequency of co-infection was 16 %. Moreover, no significant association was found between co-infection and sex, tumor grade, stage, and lymph node metastasis, but there was a significant association between co-infection and the age of GC patients. Conclusion Thus understanding the status of co-infection could clarify the process of gastric carcinogenesis, and application of this knowledge for clinical purposes could facilitate diagnosis, risk management, and prevention.

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An account has been given to determine the DNA sequencing and genotyping profile of the microsatellites of Y-STRs of the Beer-Alsabaa Bedouins of Jordan as part of the continuous project of Arabian genome since 1995. The Alleles frequencies range from (3.3-100%), whilst the genetic diversity ranges from (0-0.93). The Model of heliotype for the Beer-Alsabaa Bedouins of Jordan was constructed and thus their exclusive DNA markers were the loci DYS437 and DYS 438 for allele's values of 14 and 15 respectively, both reaching frequency of 100%. The DNA haplogroup of the Beer-Alsabaa Bedouins is (J1) which confirms that their belongings to the Qahtanite-lineage for their Y-chromosome genealogical landscape and thus match the tribal genealogical memory. The Phylogenetic-tree of Beer-Alsabaa Bedouin shows that they have very close divergence to both Palestinians and Yamani as they appeared in the same cluster. Moreover, the Fst between Beer-Alsabaa Bedouin and other Arabian populations ranged between (0.0242-0.0376) and thus shows the low genetic diversity and thus the high profile of genealogical relatedness. The results have been registered and deposited in the International DNA Gene Bank of Y-Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD) under the Accession Numbers YA003522 and YA003523.

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