Molecular characterization of potentially zoonotic isolates of Giardia duodenalis in horses

Traub, Rebecca J.; Wade, Susan E.; Read, Carolyn; Thompson, Andrew; Mohammed, Hussni O.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.02.011

Cited by 42 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In a study of the molecular epidemiology of giardiasis in horses, 10 isolates of G. duodenalis recovered from horses in Ithaca, NY, and Perth, Western Australia, were characterized at the SSU rRNA and tpi gene loci. The results indicated that 3, 1, and 6 horses were infected with assemblages AI, AII, and B, respectively (263). In a more recent study from Italy, however, all 20 isolates characterized belonged to assemblage E (285).…”

Section: Molecular Epidemiology Of Giardiasis Molecular Epidemiology mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Two assemblage A isolates established in suckling mice, Ad-159 and Ad-162, were initially obtained from Australian horses (263). In a study of the molecular epidemiology of giardiasis in horses, 10 isolates of G. duodenalis recovered from horses in Ithaca, NY, and Perth, Western Australia, were characterized at the SSU rRNA and tpi gene loci.…”

Section: Molecular Epidemiology Of Giardiasis Molecular Epidemiology mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zoonotic Potential and Molecular Epidemiology ofGiardiaSpecies and Giardiasis

2011

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SUMMARY Molecular diagnostic tools have been used recently in assessing the taxonomy, zoonotic potential, and transmission of Giardia species and giardiasis in humans and animals. The results of these studies have firmly established giardiasis as a zoonotic disease, although host adaptation at the genotype and subtype levels has reduced the likelihood of zoonotic transmission. These studies have also identified variations in the distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes among geographic areas and between domestic and wild ruminants and differences in clinical manifestations and outbreak potentials of assemblages A and B. Nevertheless, our efforts in characterizing the molecular epidemiology of giardiasis and the roles of various animals in the transmission of human giardiasis are compromised by the lack of case-control and longitudinal cohort studies and the sampling and testing of humans and animals living in the same community, the frequent occurrence of infections with mixed genotypes and subtypes, and the apparent heterozygosity at some genetic loci for some G. duodenalis genotypes. With the increased usage of multilocus genotyping tools, the development of next-generation subtyping tools, the integration of molecular analysis in epidemiological studies, and an improved understanding of the population genetics of G. duodenalis in humans and animals, we should soon have a better appreciation of the molecular epidemiology of giardiasis, the disease burden of zoonotic transmission, the taxonomy status and virulences of various G. duodenalis genotypes, and the ecology of environmental contamination.

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Section: Molecular Epidemiology Of Giardiasis Molecular Epidemiology mentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Molecular Epidemiology Of Giardiasis Molecular Epidemiology mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Potential and Molecular Epidemiology ofGiardiaSpecies and Giardiasis

2011

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“…This feature might be characteristic of G. duodenalis endemic in this area. However, a high prevalence of assemblage B has also been found in cattle in some areas (Learmonth et al 2003;Coklin et al 2007) and giardiasis cases caused by assemblage B in sheep, horses, dogs, and cats have also been reported (Read et al 2004;Traub et al 2004Traub et al , 2005Castro-Hermida et al 2007). Because of the wide host range of assemblage B and the lack of the epidemiological data from the local humans and animals, the contaminant source of this assemblage in the wastewater in this region could not be defined yet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular identification and distribution of Cryptosporidium and Giardia duodenalis in raw urban wastewater in Harbin, China

Liu

Wang

et al. 2011

Parasitol Res

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Contamination of the water supply by protozoa often causes outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis. The goals of the present study was to investigate the level of Cryptosporidium and Giardia duodenalis in wastewater from wastewater treatment plants in Harbin, China, and to understand the endemic transmission characteristics of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis. Forty-eight domestic wastewater specimens from the two wastewater treatment plants in Harbin City were collected from April 2009 to March 2010. Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis assemblages were identified by PCR and sequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA and the triosephosphate isomerase genes, respectively. In total, 15 wastewater specimens were PCR positive for Cryptosporidium and 23 were PCR positive for G. duodenalis. The prevalence of contamination with G. duodenalis (47.9%) was higher than that of Cryptosporidium (31.3%). Molecular identification showed the presence of two Cryptosporidium spp. (14 belonging to Cryptosporidium andersoni and one belonging to Cryptosporidium ubiquitum) and two G. duodenalis assemblages (18 belonging to assemblage AII and six belonging to assemblage B). In addition, eight specimens contained both Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis, and one specimen contained G. duodenalis assemblages AII and B. These results suggested humans might be the primary source of G. duodenalis contamination in wastewater in the studied area. In contrast, a low prevalence of C. ubiquitum suggested a reduced risk of human cryptosporidiosis caused by C. ubiquitum via waterborne route. This work provides basic experimental data needed for local wastewater treatment plants to develop protective strategies for water safety and to eliminate waterborne parasites.

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“…However, data available on the natural infection by this protozoan in horses and on its diffusion in both individual animals and horse properties are limited, with only a few reports on the genetic make-up of equine isolates of G. duodenalis (Feng and Xiao, 2011). In particular, it has been shown that these animals may harbor the zoonotic Assemblage A (A1), the possible host-specific sub-Assemblage BIV (Traub et al, 2005a), or the Assemblage E (Veronesi et al, 2010). Indeed, there is no definitive evidence on the role played by the infected horses as a potential source of infection for people (Traub et al, 2005a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, it has been shown that these animals may harbor the zoonotic Assemblage A (A1), the possible host-specific sub-Assemblage BIV (Traub et al, 2005a), or the Assemblage E (Veronesi et al, 2010). Indeed, there is no definitive evidence on the role played by the infected horses as a potential source of infection for people (Traub et al, 2005a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%