Molecular characterization of Quinolones and β-Lactams Resistant Salmonella Serovars Determinants in Diarrheic Calves, lambs and goats-kids in the Middle of Nile Delta, Egypt

Abstract

A total of (236 swabs) fecal samples from El-Menofiya and El-Kalubia Governorates, as sporadic cases of were subjected to bacteriological, biochemical, serotyping, sensitivity testing and PCR detection of resistance genes for β-Lactames and Quinolones. Ten isolates of Salmonella species were identified, as 7 isolates (4.7%) from calves (Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella saintpaul, Salmonella Langeveld and Salmonella Havana), 2 isolates (3.6%) from lambs (Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Bardo) and one isolate (3.3%) from goat-kids (Salmonella Enteritidis) Salmonella isolates sensitivity to β-lacatmes was 0.00% for ampicillin, penicillin G, piperacillin, cephalexin, cefoxitin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, 10% for ceftriaxone and 20% for amoxicillinclavulanic acid, increased to 60% and 100% for aztreonam, imipenem respectively. Susceptibility of isolates to quinolones were 10% for ciprofluxacin, 20% to nalidixic acid, and 100% for each of norfloxacin and levofloxacin. PCR study showed beta-lactamase encoding gene, bla (TEM-1), was identified in 90% and the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, (CIT) in 20% while bla (SHV) and acc in 80% of isolates. The detection was 50%, 40%, and 0.00% for FOX, MOX, and bla (OXA-1) genes, respectively. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, qnrB, qnrS were detected in 80% while aac(6')-Ib-cr, was only in 50% of the isolates. Results showed a high incidence of β-lacatmase than quinolones resistance genes and higher isolate susceptibility to quinolone than to β-lacatmes which indicates higher efficacy and validity of quinolones. Results indicates quinolones LEV and NOR in addition to βlacatmes imipenem are the drugs of choice for suspected salmonella cases.

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“…were isolated in 4% (13/325) of fecal samples in sheep and from 3.6% (7/193) of the sample in goats ( Table 5). Nearly similar isolation rates were reported in other studies of diarrheic lambs, sheep, and goats: 3.6% in diarrheic lambs, 9 4.5% among diarrheic sheep, 48 and 5.26% in both diarrheic sheep and goats. 49 The concern of antibiotic resistance bacteria in Africa has been gaining particular interest throughout the previous decade.…”

“…and their effect on livestock. 9 Infectious diseases represent one of the biggest health problems worldwide. Although, numerous antibiotics are available for commercial use, they mostly lack potency against newly evolved multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which gives rise to massive doses of antibiotics and the need to continuously develop new antibiotics.…”

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Diarrheic Cattle and Buffalo-Calves

“…Also, the spvC gene was detected in all tested Salmonella strains (100%) at a 467 bp which is in agreement with Giacomodonato et al [35], who found that spvC gene was present in 92% of tested isolates. Moreover, the tetA(A) gene was detected in all 8 recovered Salmonella strains at (576 bp) which showing resistance to doxycycline that result was not as mentioned previously [4].…”

“…There are more records of antibiotic resistance and multiple drug-resistant salmonellosis in developing countries as 31.8% of Salmonella isolates in sheep and goats, 44.4 %t in camel isolates, and 52 % in bovine isolates were resistant to the widely used antimicrobials [37]. In this study all Salmonella isolates were resistance to ampicillin as mentioned before [4]. However, another study [38] found the resistance to ampicillin was 58%.…”

“…The monitoring of drug resistance patterns among Salmonella isolates not only gives vital clues to the clinician on the best therapeutic regime in each individual case, but is also an important tool in devising a comprehensive chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic drug schedule within a geographical area [3]. PCR is important tool to 274 develop a highly sensitive and precise diagnostic method for rapid detection of Salmonella species in calves [4]. The invasion A (invA) is one of the most studied virulence factors that is also used as a biomarker for Salmonella spp.…”