Molecular characterization of trimethoprim resistance in salmonellas isolated in Sicily, 1985–1988

Abstract

The occurrence of trimethoprim (Tp) resistance in salmonellas isolated from humans and water samples in Sicily between 1985 and 1988 has been investigated and the Tp resistance mechanisms have been further characterized on the basis of hybridization with probes for the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes types I, II, IV and V. Of 765 strains examined, high level (> 1000 mg/l) resistance to Tp was identified in 23 strains (3%). In 22 of these strains, such resistance was associated with resistance to sulphonamides. Six serovars with Tp-resistant strains were identified, Salmonella typhimurium (14 strains), S. enteridis (2), S. agona (2), S. mbandaka (2), S. virchow (2), S. indiana (1). In all strains with high level Tp resistance, resistance to this antimicrobial was plasmid-encoded, in most strains by plasmids with MWs ranging from 70-100 MDa. On the basis of restriction endonuclease analysis, four different categories of Tp resistance plasmids were identified in Tp-resistant strains of S. typhimurium. Hybridization with the DHFR I probe was observed in three strains of Tp-resistant S. typhimurium and two strains of Tp-resistant S. enteritidis; in contrast, in none of the strains tested was there any detectable hybridization with the probes for DHFR types II, IV and V. It is concluded that the DHFR type I resistance mechanism, common in Tp-resistant enterobacteria in many European countries, is relatively uncommon in Tp-resistant salmonellas isolated in Sicily. Furthermore, the DHFR V resistance mechanism, previously identified in strains of Shigella sonnei isolated in Sicily and associated with travellers from Sri Lanka, has not yet appeared in salmonellas in Sicily.

Increase in incidence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim in clinical isolates of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium with investigation of molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance

“…All the strains resistant to trimethoprim showed a DHFR type Ia gene, in agreement with the fact that DHFR type Ia is common in trimethoprim-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in many European countries [46,47], but in contrast to the results presented by Agodi et al [48]. These authors studied the occurrence of trimethoprim resistance in different Salmonella species isolated from human patients and water samples in Sicily and found that only four of 14 trimethoprim-resistant Typhimurium clinical isolates analysed produced a type Ia DHFR, whereas the remaining 10 strains did not produce dihydrofolate reductases belonging to groups Ia, 11, IV or V No resistance was observed to quinolones or thirdgeneration cephalosporins (data not shown).…”

Carcass Salmonella and Its Drug Resistance

“…In Salmonella, plasmids and class I integrons are mainly responsible for such transfers. Genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides [17,13], beta-lactams [18,19,13], chloramphenicols [19], tetracyclines [20], sulfonamides [21,22], and trimethoprim [23] all have been found on numerous different plasmid types. Many of these plasmids carry multiple antibiotic resistance genes that are transferable to other Salmonella strains and other bacterial species [19,13].…”