Molecular Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O139 Isolates from Asia

Echeverria, Peter; Hoge, Charles W.; Bodhidatta, Ladaporn; Serichantalergs, Oralak; Dalsgaard, Anders; Eampokalap, Boonchuay; Perrault, John; Pazzaglia, G; O’Hanley, P; English, Charles K.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1995.52.124

Cited by 18 publications

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“…One reason may be that such strains do not cause full-blown cholera and hence are not adequately enriched through the explosive replication within the human host that fully virulent strains enjoy. Alternatively, most TCPpositive strains are rapidly converted to toxigenic strains by infection with CTX phage either within the host intestine or in the aquatic environment (15). Given that we were unable to identify any O141 strains that were TCP positive but CT negative, our results do not differentiate between these two explanations.…”

Section: Vol 39 2001contrasting

confidence: 48%

“…V. cholerae O139 strains are TCP positive only because they emerged as O-antigen recombinants of a CT-and TCP-positive El Tor O1 strain (17). However, Echeverria et al (15) demonstrated that V. cholerae serogroup O44, O49, and O8 strains isolated from flies in northeastern Thailand in 1981 were positive for both CT and TCP genes. Additionally, in a comparison of ribotypes and serogroups of clinical V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 isolates, Dalsgaard et al (9) noticed that strains of the O141 serogroup were frequently CT positive, although the presence of other virulence genes such as those encoding TCP was not assessed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O141 Carry the CTX Phage and the Genes Encoding the Toxin-Coregulated Pili

et al. 2001

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We report sporadic cases of a severe gastroenteritis associated with Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141. Like O1 and O139 serogroup strains of V. cholerae isolated from cholera cases, the O141 clinical isolates carry DNA sequences that hybridize to cholera toxin (CT) gene probes. The CT genes of O1 and O139 strains are carried by a filamentous bacteriophage (termed CTX phage) which is known to use toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) as its receptor. In an effort to understand the mechanism of emergence of toxigenic O141 V. cholerae, we probed a collection of O141 clinical and environmental isolates for genes involved in TCP production, toxigenicity, virulence regulation, and other phylogenetic markers. The collection included strains isolated between 1964 and 1995 from diverse geographical locations, including eight countries and five U.S. states. Information collected about the clinical and environmental sources of these isolates suggests that they had no epidemiological association. All clinical O141 isolates hybridized to probes specific for genes encoding CT (ctx), zonula occludens toxin (zot), repetitive sequence 1 (RS1), RTX toxin (rtxA), the major subunit of TCP (tcpA), and the essential regulatory gene that controls expression of both CT and TCP (toxR). In contrast, all but one of the nonclinical O141 isolates were negative for ctx, zot, RS1, and tcpA, although these strains were positive for rtxA and toxR. The one toxigenic environmental O141 isolate was also positive for tcpA. Ribotyping and CT typing showed that the O141 clinical isolates were indistinguishable or closely related, while a toxigenic water isolate from Louisiana showed a distantly related ribotype. Nonclinical O141 isolates displayed a variety of unrelated ribotypes. These data support a model for emergence of toxigenic O141 that involves acquisition of the CTX phage sometime after these strains had acquired the pathogenicity island encoding TCP. The clonal nature of toxigenic O141 strains isolated from diverse geographical locations suggests that the emergence is a rare event but that once it occurs, toxigenic O141 strains are capable of regional and perhaps even global dissemination. This study stresses the importance of monitoring V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 serogroup strains for their virulence gene content as a means of assessing their epidemic potential.The two most important virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin (CT), a potent enterotoxin, and the toxincoregulated pilus antigen (TCP), an essential intestinal colonization factor (16). These virulence factors are encoded by accessory genetic elements which are nearly always present in clinical isolates of V. cholerae but are frequently absent in strains isolated from environmental sources, such as water or shellfish (6,16,17). The ctxAB genes are located on the CTX genetic element, which is composed of a 4.5-kb central core region flanked by one or more copies of a repetitive sequence (RS1 or RS2) (34). The core and RS2, a portion of the CTX element, are now known to corresp...

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Section: Vol 39 2001contrasting

confidence: 48%

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confidence: 99%

Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O141 Carry the CTX Phage and the Genes Encoding the Toxin-Coregulated Pili

et al. 2001

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“…Studying a collection of 53 V. cholerae 0139 strains isolated from patients in Bangladesh, India and Thailand we recently demonstrated four different Bgl I ribotypes [5]. Furthermore, 0139 strains from Thailand showed a unique ribotype compared with strains from India and Bangladesh [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, the application of these techniques to differentiate among V. cholerae 0139 strains has shown little or no variation [10,16,17] with some reports suggesting a clonal nature of V. cholerae 0 139 [5,18]. Studying a collection of 53 V. cholerae 0139 strains isolated from patients in Bangladesh, India and Thailand we recently demonstrated four different Bgl I ribotypes [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The causative organism of this outbreak was antigenically unique and was designated V. cholerae 0139 synonym Bengal [2,3]. In early 1993, V. cholerae 0139 was identified for the first time in Thailand and rapidly spread within the country [4][5][6]. Since the beginning of the outbreak V. cholerae 0139 has spread to several Asian countries, demonstrating the pandemic potential of this new serotype [7][8][9].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping for subtyping ofVibrio choleraeO139 isolated in Thailand

et al. 1996

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SUMMARYPulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Cpo I-digested genomic DNA and ribotyping (Bgl I) were applied to 60 Vibrio cholerae strains including 48 V. cholerae 0139 from Thailand to compare their value in differentiating strains of the present V. cholerae 0139 epidemic. PFGE patterns were divided into groups A and B representing five and four subtypes, respectively, while ribotyping showed four different patterns. PFGE group B subtypes were only presented among 0139 isolates from Thailand, whereas four 0139 strains from Bangladesh and India showed identical PFGE group A subtypes observed in 0139 isolates from Thailand. Two nontoxigenic 0139 isolates from Thailand showed different and unique PFGE types as did five V. cholerae non-01 non-0139 isolates containing a gene virulence complex found in V. cholerae 0139. These results indicate that PFGE (Cpo I) can resolve recent evolutionry divergence within V. cholerae 0139 and offers a useful supplementary tool for following the progressing V. cholerae 0139 epidemic.

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Cholera and Typhoid Vaccines

Arya¹

1996

Clin. Immunother.

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Molecular Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O139 Isolates from Asia

Cited by 18 publications

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Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O141 Carry the CTX Phage and the Genes Encoding the Toxin-Coregulated Pili

Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O141 Carry the CTX Phage and the Genes Encoding the Toxin-Coregulated Pili

Comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping for subtyping ofVibrio choleraeO139 isolated in Thailand

Cholera and Typhoid Vaccines

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