Molecular control of neuronal migration

Park, Hwan Tae; Wu, Jane Y.; Rao, Yi

doi:10.1002/bies.10141

Cited by 62 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The idea that SDF-1 is a chemoattractant for retinal axons is supported by the fact that SDF-1 is a chemoattractant for cells in the immune system and migrating cerebellar and dentate granule cells (Cho and Miller, 2002). Consonant with this idea, other molecules such as semaphorins, netrins, slits, and ephrins regulate both cell migration and growth cone guidance (Park et al, 2002). Furthermore, SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling can affect turning by growth cones in vitro and pathfinding by cutaneous sensory axons in the spinal cord (Xiang et al, 2002;Chalasani et al, 2003a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemokine Signaling Guides Axons within the Retina in Zebrafish

Li¹,

Shirabe²,

Thisse³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

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Chemokines are a large family of secreted proteins that play an important role in the migration of leukocytes during hematopoiesis and inflammation. Chemokines and their receptors are also widely distributed in the CNS. Although recent investigations are beginning to elucidate chemokine function within the CNS, relatively little is known about the CNS function of this important class of molecules. To better appreciate the CNS function of chemokines, the role of signaling by stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) through its receptor, chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4), was analyzed in zebrafish embryos. The SDF-1/CXCR4 expression pattern suggested that SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling was important for guiding retinal ganglion cell axons within the retina to the optic stalk to exit the retina. Antisense knockdown of the ligand and/or receptor and a genetic CXCR4 mutation both induced retinal axons to follow aberrant pathways within the retina. Furthermore, retinal axons deviated from their normal pathway and extended to cells ectopically expressing SDF-1 within the retina. These data suggest that chemokine signaling is both necessary and sufficient for directing retinal growth cones within the retina.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemokine Signaling Guides Axons within the Retina in Zebrafish

Li¹,

Shirabe²,

Thisse³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

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“…In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis of cell populations plays a crucial role throughout the life cycle: sperm cells are attracted to chemical substances released from the outer coating of the egg [33]; during embryonic development it plays a role in organising cell positioning, for example during gastrulation (see [26]) and patterning of the nervous system [85]; in the adult, it directs immune cell migration to sites of inflammation [111] and fibroblasts into wounded regions to initiate healing. These same mechanisms are utilised during cancer growth, allowing tumour cells to invade the surrounding environment [19] or stimulate new blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) [56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A user’s guide to PDE models for chemotaxis

2008

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Mathematical modelling of chemotaxis (the movement of biological cells or organisms in response to chemical gradients) has developed into a large and diverse discipline, whose aspects include its mechanistic basis, the modelling of specific systems and the mathematical behaviour of the underlying equations. The Keller-Segel model of chemotaxis (Keller and Segel in J Theor Biol 26:399-415, 1970; 30:225-234, 1971) has provided a cornerstone for much of this work, its success being a consequence of its intuitive simplicity, analytical tractability and capacity to replicate key behaviour of chemotactic populations. One such property, the ability to display "auto-aggregation", has led to its prominence as a mechanism for self-organisation of biological systems. This phenomenon has been shown to lead to finite-time blow-up under certain formulations of the model, and a large body of work has been devoted to determining when blow-up occurs or whether globally existing solutions exist. In this paper, we explore in detail a number of variations of the original Keller-Segel model. We review their formulation from a biological perspective, contrast their patterning properties, summarise key results on their analytical properties and classify their solution form. We conclude with a brief discussion and expand on some of the outstanding issues revealed as a result of this work.

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“…Neurite outgrowth, a process responsible for neuronal patterning and connections, is crucial for the development of the nervous system (1). The regulation of neurite outgrowth is determined largely by the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to different environmental cues (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are active in the GTP-bound form, and hydrolysis of the GTP by their intrinsic GTPase activity returns them to the GDP-bound inactive state (14). The active/inactive states of these proteins are regulated by a variety of intracellular molecules, predominantly by two classes of proteins: GTPase-activating proteins and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) 1 (15). GTPaseactivating proteins catalyze the intrinsic GTPase activity of the Rho proteins, thus inactivating them, whereas GEFs catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP, thereby activating GTPases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

GEFT, A Rho Family Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, Regulates Neurite Outgrowth and Dendritic Spine Formation

Bryan

Kumar

Stafford

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The Rho family of small GTPases controls a wide range of cellular processes in eukaryotic cells, such as normal cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, gene regulation, actin cytoskeletal organization, cell fate determination, and neurite outgrowth. The activation of RhoGTPases requires the exchange of GDP for GTP, a process catalyzed by the Dbl family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors. We demonstrate that a newly identified guanine nucleotide exchange factor, GEFT, is widely expressed in the brain and highly concentrated in the hippocampus, and the Purkinje and granular cells of the cerebellum. Exogenous expression of GEFT promotes dendrite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons, resulting in spines with larger size as compared with control spines. In neuroblastoma cells, GEFT promotes the active GTPbound state of Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA and increases neurite outgrowth primarily via Rac1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PAK1 and PAK5, both downstream effectors of Rac1/Cdc42, are necessary for GEFT-induced neurite outgrowth. AP-1 and NF-B, two transcriptional factors involved in neurite outgrowth and survival, were up-regulated in GEFT-expressing cells. Together, our data suggest that GEFT enhances dendritic spine formation and neurite outgrowth in primary neurons and neuroblastoma cells, respectively, through the activation of Rac/Cdc42-PAK signaling pathways.

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Molecular control of neuronal migration

Cited by 62 publications

References 67 publications

Chemokine Signaling Guides Axons within the Retina in Zebrafish

Chemokine Signaling Guides Axons within the Retina in Zebrafish

A user’s guide to PDE models for chemotaxis

GEFT, A Rho Family Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, Regulates Neurite Outgrowth and Dendritic Spine Formation

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