Molecular cystoscopy: Micro-RNAs could be a marker for identifying genotypic changes for transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Abstract

Introduction:Normal-looking mucosa may harbor genetic changes preceding a visible tumor. This study was aimed at exploring the role of the quantitative expression of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in bladder cancer tissue in comparison with normal mucosa and healthy controls (HCs) as a molecular marker.Materials and Methods:Between October 2011 to December 2012, tissue from the bladder tumor of 21 patients (cases tumor, CT), normal mucosa (case control, CC) of the same patients (n-21) and normal bladder mucosa from 10 HCs were obtained. miRNAs of angiogenesis, endothelial mesenchymal transition and apoptosis were quantified using stem–loop RT Taq Man polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi square and independent sample T tests by using SPSS version 16.Results:The mean age of the patients and controls were 55.41 ± 11.03 and 52.14 ± 13.04 years. miR-21, miR-205, miR-126, miR-10b and miR-200a were highly expressed in CT (P < 0.027, <0.048, <0.025, <0.029 and < 0.005) as compared with HC. Expression of miR-21 and miR-129 were both correlated with grade and stage (P = 0.001 and < 0.009, respectively) and the level of expression was different in the same grade of non-muscle invasive tumors. The fold change of miR129, miR205 and miR200a was significantly higher in the normal-looking mucosa of bladder tumor patients than the HC (P < 0.005).Conclusion:Expression of miR129, miR205 and miR200a in the normal-looking mucosa of bladder cancer patients was significantly higher than the normal mucosa of a HC. This may help in predicting recurrence and formulating the follow-up strategy.

MicroRNA-21 could be a molecular marker to predict the recurrence of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer

“…al., found miR-21 to be the most up-regulated out of 290 miR profiled in BC. [ 8 12 14 27 28 ] In the present study, we again confirmed these reports by showing overexpression of miR-21 in the bladder tumor tissues from patients with BC. The association of miR-21 with colorectal cancer and prostate cancer had been reported[ 18 19 ] but it is the first time that we are reporting the association of overexpressed miR-21 in tumor of BC patients with recurrence and time to recurrence.…”

“…Of 4 overexpressed miRNAs, i.e. miRNA 21, miRNA129, MiRNA 200a, and miRNA 205 in tumor tissue assessed in an earlier study done at our center,[ 14 ] miR-21 was significantly associated with the clinical outcome in NMIBC and was selected to find out the target mRNA for functional analysis. This was done using bioinformatics database Target Scan (7.0, http://www.targetscan.org ) and experimentally validated target database miRTar Base.…”

“…Despite an association of miR-21 with several cancers its relationship with tumor recurrence in BC patients, especially NMIBC, is far from clear. [ 18 19 ] In our previous study,[ 14 ] we found miR-21, miR-205, miR-126, miR-10b, and miR-200a to be highly expressed in tumor tissue of BC patients out of nine selective miRs previously reported to be dysregulated in different cancers. In which expression of miR-21 and miR-129 was correlated with clinical parameters of BC.…”

“…[ 8 9 10 11 ] Of various miRs, miR-21, which mostly governs the pathway of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), has been shown to be overexpressed in bladder tumor as compared to the normal mucosa by us and others. [ 12 13 14 ] Moreover, phosphatase and tensin homolog ( PTEN ) is an experimentally validated target (miRTar Base Database) of miR-21, which is a tumor suppressor gene, known to be down-regulated by miR-21 in many cancers. [ 15 16 17 ]…”

Quantitative Proteomics of Urinary Bladder Cancer Cell Lines Identify UAP1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target

“…Majority of the patients are diagnosed as non-muscle invasive (NMIBC; 60%) with a recurrence rate of 50%–70% and about 20% of patients are diagnosed as muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) [ 1 ]. The risk of progression for NMIBC to MIBC after 5 years ranges from 6% to 45% [ 2 , 3 ]. MIBCs are biologically aggressive, with less than 15% five-year survival rate [ 4 ].…”