Molecular detection and characterisation of avian paramyxovirus type 1 in backyard chickens and pigeons in Alzintan city of Libya

Kammon, Abdulwahab; Monne, Isabella; Asheg, Abdulatif; Cattoli, Giovanni

doi:10.4314/ovj.v8i4.8

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…An exception is former sub-genotype VIIf that was classified as a separate sub-genotype, namely VII.1.2. The groups of viruses involved in the fifth NDV panzootic (VIIh and VIIi), that affected Indonesia, Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and Africa (Abolnik et al, 2018; Fuller et al, 2017; Kammon et al, 2018; Mapaco et al, 2016; Miller et al, 2015), lacked branch support, and were merged into a single sub-genotype VII.2. A group of five other sequences from viruses isolated in Namibia in 2016, previously identified as sub-genotype VIIk (Molini et al, 2017), were also assigned to VII.2 due to lack of branch support and insufficient number of independent isolates (Supplemental Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated unified phylogenetic classification system and revised nomenclature for Newcastle disease virus

Dimitrov

Abolnik

Afonso

et al. 2019

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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304

397

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Several Avian paramyxoviruses 1 (synonymous with Newcastle disease virus or NDV, used hereafter) classification systems have been proposed for strain identification and differentiation. These systems pioneered classification efforts; however, they were based on different approaches and lacked objective criteria for the differentiation of isolates. These differences have created discrepancies among systems, rendering discussions and comparisons across studies difficult. Although a system that used objective classification criteria was proposed by Diel and co-workers in 2012, the ample worldwide circulation and constant evolution of NDV, and utilization of only some of the criteria, led to identical naming and/or incorrect assigning of new sub/genotypes. To address these issues, an international consortium of experts was convened to undertake in-depth analyses of NDV genetic diversity. This consortium generated curated, up-to-date, complete fusion gene class I and class II datasets of all known NDV for public use, performed comprehensive phylogenetic neighbor-Joining, maximum-likelihood, Bayesian and nucleotide distance analyses, and compared these inference methods. An updated NDV classification and nomenclature system that incorporates phylogenetic topology, genetic distances, branch support, and epidemiological independence was developed. This new consensus system maintains two NDV classes and existing genotypes, identifies three new class II genotypes, and reduces the number of sub-genotypes. In order to track the ancestry of viruses, a dichotomous naming system for designating sub-genotypes was introduced. In addition, a pilot dataset and sub-trees rooting guidelines for rapid preliminary genotype identification of new isolates are provided. Guidelines for sequence dataset curation and phylogenetic inference, and a detailed comparison between the updated and previous systems are included. To increase the speed of phylogenetic inference and ensure consistency between laboratories, detailed guidelines for the use of a supercomputer are also provided. The proposed unified classification system will facilitate future studies of NDV evolution and epidemiology, and comparison of results obtained across the world.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated unified phylogenetic classification system and revised nomenclature for Newcastle disease virus

Dimitrov

Abolnik

Afonso

et al. 2019

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

Self Cite

304

397

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“…The fourth NDV panzootic was caused by viruses of a single genotype (VII.1.1) that includes former sub-genotypes VIIb, VIId, VIIe, VIIj, and VIIl; sub-genotype VIIf is considered to be a separate sub-genotype, VII.1.2 [ 11 ]. The groups of viruses involved in the fifth NDV panzootic that affected Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Europe [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], were merged into a single sub-genotype, VII.2, together with five other sequences identified as sub-genotype VIIk and then also assigned to VII.2 [ 22 ]. The predominant NDV sub-genotype in Egypt is VIId (VII.1.1), which has led to several outbreaks in poultry [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus (Sub-Genotype VII.1.1) from Wild Birds, with Assessment of Its Pathogenicity in Susceptible Chickens

Elfatah

El-Abasy

El-khyate

et al. 2021

Animals

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Newcastle disease (ND) is considered to be one of the most economically significant avian viral diseases. It has a worldwide distribution and a continuous diversity of genotypes. Despite its limited zoonotic potential, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks in Egypt occur frequently and result in serious economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we investigated and characterized NDV in wild cattle egrets and house sparrows. Fifty cattle egrets and fifty house sparrows were collected from the vicinity of chicken farms in Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt, which has a history of NDV infection. Lung, spleen, and brain tissue samples were pooled from each bird and screened for NDV by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify the 370 bp NDV F gene fragment. NDV was detected by RRT-PCR in 22 of 50 (44%) cattle egrets and 13 of 50 (26%) house sparrows, while the conventional RT-PCR detected NDV in 18 of 50 (36%) cattle egrets and 10 of 50 (20%) of house sparrows. Phylogenic analysis revealed that the NDV strains identified in the present study are closely related to other Egyptian class II, sub-genotype VII.1.1 NDV strains from GenBank, having 99.7%–98.5% identity. The pathogenicity of the wild-bird-origin NDV sub-genotype VII.1.1 NDV strains were assessed by experimental inoculation of identified strains (KFS-Motobas-2, KFS-Elhamoul-1, and KFS-Elhamoul-3) in 28-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Cobb chickens. The clinical signs and post-mortem changes of velogenic NDV genotype VII (GVII) were observed in inoculated chickens 3 to 7 days post-inoculation, with 67.5%–70% mortality rates. NDV was detected in all NDV-inoculated chickens by RRT-PCR and RT-PCR at 3, 7, and 10 days post-inoculation. The histopathological findings of the experimentally infected chickens showed marked pulmonary congestion and pneumonia associated with complete bronchial stenosis. The spleen showed histocytic cell proliferation with marked lymphoid depletion, while the brain had malacia and diffuse gliosis. These findings provide interesting data about the characterization of NDV in wild birds from Egypt and add to our understanding of their possible role in the transmission dynamics of the disease in Egypt. Further research is needed to explore the role of other species of wild birds in the epidemiology of this disease and to compare the strains circulating in wild birds with those found in poultry.

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“…This strategy has successfully reduced the threat of ND in commercial poultry but more outbreaks emerged in unvaccinated backyard birds. In March 2015, Kammon et al (2018) reported another ND outbreak in Alzintan city that emerged in backyard chickens and pigeons. The results of Kammon et al (2018) showed two viruses are genetically similar to those were isolated from cloacal swabs of backyard chickens in 2013, with a velogenic type of APMV-1 belongs to genotype VIb in a pigeon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In March 2015, Kammon et al (2018) reported another ND outbreak in Alzintan city that emerged in backyard chickens and pigeons. The results of Kammon et al (2018) showed two viruses are genetically similar to those were isolated from cloacal swabs of backyard chickens in 2013, with a velogenic type of APMV-1 belongs to genotype VIb in a pigeon. Based on these results, it may indicate that NDV is still circulating in backyard birds which usually not vaccinated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and molecular detection of Newcastle disease virus in backyard chickens in Tripoli, Libya

Gedara¹,

Alseed

Kammon³

et al. 2020

Open Vet J.

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Background: Newcastle disease (ND) is a viral disease that affecting many avian species all over the world.Aim: ND has been successfully controlled by the vaccination of commercial poultry in Libya. However, there was a lack of information about the situation of ND in backyard chickens. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence of ND in backyard chickens in different locations of Tripoli.Methods: A total number of 280 cloacal swabs (190 in summer and 90 in winter) and 412 sera were collected from non-vaccinated backyard chicken flocks in different geographical locations within the area of Tripoli namely Qasr Ben Ghashier, Al-Sawani, Souq Al-Gomaa, Tajourah, Ein Zara, and Janzour. Cloacal swabs and sera were tested by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA, respectively.Results: The prevalence of ND virus (NDV) infection in backyard chickens in different locations of Tripoli during summer and winter was 45% using real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Except in Qasr Ben Ghashier, the prevalence in summer season was significantly higher than in winter (X2 = 46.13, p ≥ 0.00001). ELISA test revealed 218 positive out of 412 tested samples with total prevalence of 53% across the city of Tripoli in all regions. Obviously, Qasr Ben Ghashier had significantly (X2 = 74.09, p ≥ 0.00001) the highest prevalence (82%) of NDV specific antibodies followedby Tajourah (68%).Conclusion: This study demonstrated the situation of ND in backyard chicken highlighting the necessity of a comprehensive vaccination plan for backyard chickens. Keywords: Backyard chickens, ELISA, Newcastle disease, Prevalence, Real time PCR.

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Molecular detection and characterisation of avian paramyxovirus type 1 in backyard chickens and pigeons in Alzintan city of Libya

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Updated unified phylogenetic classification system and revised nomenclature for Newcastle disease virus

Updated unified phylogenetic classification system and revised nomenclature for Newcastle disease virus

Molecular Characterization of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus (Sub-Genotype VII.1.1) from Wild Birds, with Assessment of Its Pathogenicity in Susceptible Chickens

Seroprevalence and molecular detection of Newcastle disease virus in backyard chickens in Tripoli, Libya

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