Molecular detection of E. coli and Vibrio cholerae in ballast water of commercial ships: a primary study along the Persian Gulf

Soleimani, Farshid; Taherkhani, Reza; Dobaradaran, Sina; Spitz, Jörg; Saeedi, Reza

doi:10.1007/s40201-021-00618-9

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…coli and V . cholerae excellent for controlled experiments, these species can be found in natural environments together: for example, residing in brackish water [ 32 , 33 ] and within surface-fouling biofilms in coastal waters near human populations [ 34 ]. Members of the Escherichia and Vibrio genera are also common components of zebrafish microbiota [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multispecies biofilm architecture determines bacterial exposure to phages

2022

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Numerous ecological interactions among microbes—for example, competition for space and resources, or interaction among phages and their bacterial hosts—are likely to occur simultaneously in multispecies biofilm communities. While biofilms formed by just a single species occur, multispecies biofilms are thought to be more typical of microbial communities in the natural environment. Previous work has shown that multispecies biofilms can increase, decrease, or have no measurable impact on phage exposure of a host bacterium living alongside another species that the phages cannot target. The reasons underlying this variability are not well understood, and how phage–host encounters change within multispecies biofilms remains mostly unexplored at the cellular spatial scale. Here, we study how the cellular scale architecture of model 2-species biofilms impacts cell–cell and cell–phage interactions controlling larger scale population and community dynamics. Our system consists of dual culture biofilms of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae under exposure to T7 phages, which we study using microfluidic culture, high-resolution confocal microscopy imaging, and detailed image analysis. As shown previously, sufficiently mature biofilms of E. coli can protect themselves from phage exposure via their curli matrix. Before this stage of biofilm structural maturity, E. coli is highly susceptible to phages; however, we show that these bacteria can gain lasting protection against phage exposure if they have become embedded in the bottom layers of highly packed groups of V. cholerae in co-culture. This protection, in turn, is dependent on the cell packing architecture controlled by V. cholerae biofilm matrix secretion. In this manner, E. coli cells that are otherwise susceptible to phage-mediated killing can survive phage exposure in the absence of de novo resistance evolution. While co-culture biofilm formation with V. cholerae can confer phage protection to E. coli, it comes at the cost of competing with V. cholerae and a disruption of normal curli-mediated protection for E. coli even in dual species biofilms grown over long time scales. This work highlights the critical importance of studying multispecies biofilm architecture and its influence on the community dynamics of bacteria and phages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multispecies biofilm architecture determines bacterial exposure to phages

2022

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“…Our model system comprises dual-culture biofilms of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae under exposure to T7 phages or λ phages. Beyond the experimental tractability that makes E. coli and V. cholerae excellent for controlled experiments, these species can be found in natural environments together: for example, residing in brackish water (32,33) and within surface-fouling biofilms in coastal waters near human populations (34). Members of the Escherichia and Vibrio genera are also common components of zebrafish microbiota (35,36).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multispecies biofilm architecture determines bacterial exposure to phages

Winans

Wucher

Nadell

2022

Preprint

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Numerous ecological interactions among microbes - for example, competition for space and resources, or interaction among phages and their bacterial hosts - are likely to occur simultaneously in multispecies biofilm communities. While biofilms formed by just a single species occur, multispecies biofilms are thought to be more typical of microbial communities in the natural environment. Previous work has shown that multispecies biofilms can increase, decrease, or have no measurable impact on phage exposure of a host bacterium living alongside another species that the phages cannot target. The reasons causing this variability are not well understood, and how phage-host encounters change within multispecies biofilms remains mostly unexplored at the cellular spatial scale. Here, we explore how the microscale biofilm structure of a model 2-species biofilms impacts cell-cell and cell-phage interactions underlying larger population wide patterns. Our system consists of dual-culture biofilms of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae under exposure to T7 phages or λ phages. In the absence of phages, the two species compete with each other for limited space and resources. As shown previously, sufficiently mature biofilms of E. coli can protect themselves from phage exposure via their curli matrix. Before this stage of biofilm structural maturity, E. coli is highly susceptible to phages, however we show that these bacteria can gain lasting protection against phage exposure if they have become embedded within highly packed groups of V. cholerae in co-culture. In this manner, E. coli cells that are otherwise susceptible to T7 and λ phages can survive phage exposure in the absence of de novo resistance evolution. While co-culture growth allows for earlier protection from phages conferred by V. cholerae cells, it comes at the cost of competing with V. cholerae and a disruption of normal curli-mediated protection for E. coli even in dual species biofilms grown over long time scales.

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“…This aroused great interest among scientists, which resulted in many works focused on ballast microbiota. A very interesting example of such scientific works is the manuscript written by Soleimani et al [ 14 ]. The authors of this work indicated that ballast waters are a very important element in the transmission of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of this study indicated the presence of pathogenic microflora in ballast waters. It also indicated PCR assays as an appropriate alternative to conventional culture methods, which provide quick and accurate data for human health protection procedures [ 14 ]. Additionally, the presence of high levels of metabolites and organic matter in the water of ballast tanks create favorable conditions for the development of opportunistic bacteria groups, which leads to a reduction in microbiological competition within these closed spaces [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dissolved oxygen threshold value was higher than the classical definitions of hypoxia (<2.0 mg O2 L-1), suggesting that changes in bacterial communities might precede harmful effects on higher vertebrates, such as fish and aquatic mammals [ 27 ]. It is widely believed that it is important to test ballast waters in order to protect the sanitary conditions of port waters and the health of aquatic species [ 9 , 14 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitat Conditions of the Microbiota in Ballast Water of Ships Entering the Oder Estuary

Zatoń-Sieczka

Bogusławska-Wąs

Czerniejewski

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Ballast water is a vector for the transfer of microorganisms between ecospheres that can subsequently have a negative impact on native species of aquatic fauna. In this study, we determined the microbiota and selected physicochemical properties of ballast water from long- and short-range ships entering a southern Baltic port within a large estuary in autumn and winter (Police, Poland). Microbiological tests of the ballast water samples were carried out according to ISO 6887-1, and physicochemical tests were performed according to standard methods. Low amounts of oxygen (1.6–3.10 mg/dm3 in autumn and 0.60–2.10 mg/dm3 in winter) were recorded in all ship ballast water samples, with pH (above 7.90) and PSU (above 1.20) were higher than in the port waters. Yeast, mold, Pseudomonas bacteria (including Pseudomonas fluorescens), and halophilic bacteria as well as lipolytic, amylolytic, and proteolytic bacteria were found in the ballast water samples. Heterotrophic bacteria and mold fungi (log. 2.45–3.26) dominated in the autumn period, while Pseudomonas bacteria (log. 3.32–4.40) dominated in the winter period. In addition, the ballast water samples taken during the autumn period were characterized by a statistically significantly higher (p < 0.1) abundance of microorganisms (log 1.97–2.55) than in the winter period (log 1.39–2.27).

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Molecular detection of E. coli and Vibrio cholerae in ballast water of commercial ships: a primary study along the Persian Gulf

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Multispecies biofilm architecture determines bacterial exposure to phages

Multispecies biofilm architecture determines bacterial exposure to phages

Multispecies biofilm architecture determines bacterial exposure to phages

Habitat Conditions of the Microbiota in Ballast Water of Ships Entering the Oder Estuary

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