Molecular detection of <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> infection in small mammals from Moshi Rural and Urban Districts, northern Tanzania

Theonest, Ndyetabura O.; Carter, Bill; Kasagama, Elizabeth; Keyyu, Julius D.; Shirima, Gabriel; Tarimo, Rigobert; Thomas, Kate M.; Wheelhouse, Nick; Maro, Venance P.; Haydon, Daniel T.; Buza, Joram; Allan, Kathryn J.; Halliday, Jo E. B.

doi:10.1002/vms3.401

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…The detection of antibodies to Q fever in almost all Regions, suggests the need for active surveillance employing a "One Health" approach to understand the epidemiology and distribution in people and animals. Previous research has demonstrated evidence of human exposure in Kilimanjaro (northern region) with a seroprevalence of 5% reported in patients with febrile illness [12], and exposure in other animals with molecular detection of C. burnetii in 3.1% of rodents in Kilimanjaro [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study in Tanzania observed a seroprevalence of 6.8% in indigenous cattle from the southwest regions where high density of wildlife populations are present [38]. In addition, a study in northern Tanzania reported a prevalence of 3.1% in rodents [39]. Moreover, a study in febrile patients from health facilities in Moshi reported a seroprevalence of 5% in people [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Exposure in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Tanzania

Bwatota

Shirima

Hernandez-Castro

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Q fever is a zoonotic disease, resulting from infection with Coxiella burnetii. Infection in cattle can cause abortion and infertility, however, there is little epidemiological information regarding the disease in dairy cattle in Tanzania. Between July 2019 and October 2020, a serosurvey was conducted in six high dairy producing regions of Tanzania. Cattle sera were tested for antibodies to C. burnetii using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A mixed effect logistic regression model identified risk factors associated with C. burnetii seropositivity. A total of 79 out of 2049 dairy cattle tested positive with an overall seroprevalence of 3.9% (95% CI 3.06–4.78) across the six regions with the highest seroprevalence in Tanga region (8.21%, 95% CI 6.0–10.89). Risk factors associated with seropositivity included: extensive feeding management (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.25–3.77), and low precipitation below 1000 mm (OR 2.76, 95% 1.37–7.21). The disease seroprevalence is relatively low in the high dairy cattle producing regions of Tanzania. Due to the zoonotic potential of the disease, future efforts should employ a “One Health” approach to understand the epidemiology, and for interdisciplinary control to reduce the impacts on animal and human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Exposure in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Tanzania

Bwatota

Shirima

Hernandez-Castro

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Molecular detection of C. burnetii DNA in vaginal swabs in female animals revealed the overall prevalence of 0.94% which signifies the current infections among the female animals. Three molecular studies in other countries reported higher prevalence of Q fever in dairy cattle ranging between 2.1 to 22.5% (Knobel et al, 2013;Rahal et al, 2018;Thomas et al, 2021) than 0.94% of the current study. Generally, serological, and molecular prevalence variations observed between studies are associated with different sample sizes, study designs, geography and climatic conditions, management systems and different diagnostic techniques used (Vanderburg et al, 2014;Bwatota et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Epidemiologic study of q fever in smallholder dairy cattle in selected regions of Tanzania

Bwatota

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A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and the risk factors associated with Coxiella burnetii seropositivity in smallholder dairy cattle in six regions from the southern highland and northern zones of Tanzania between July 2019 and October 2020. A total of 2049 blood samples and 1920 vaginal swabs were collected from dairy cattle. Serum was tested for antibodies against C. burnetii using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). C. burnetii DNA was identified from vaginal swabs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses. A questionnaire survey was designed and uploaded to the Open Data Kit (ODK) cloud platformsoftware version 1.22.4. At each household, the cattle owner aging equal or over 18 years was interviewed to understand the risk factors related to animal health, husbandry, and farmer socioeconomics, as well as environmental variables. C. burnetii prevalence was calculated at different epidemiological levels and maps were created to visualize Q fever spatial distribution. Logistic generalized linear mixed effects models were built to explorethe association between ELISA binomial results, and a set of risk factors and environmental variables important for C. burnetii occurrence. An overall animal seroprevalence of 3.86% (79, 2049) 95% CI 3.06 - 4.78 was estimated across the study regions. Among these regions, Tanga (northern zone) and Iringa (southern zone) showed the highest prevalence with 8.21% (95% CI 6.0 - 10.89%) and 4.63% (95% CI: 2.49 - 7.78%) respectively. On the other hand, molecular identification of C. burnetii from vaginal swabs of selected cows revealed an overall prevalence of 0.94% (18,1920) (95% CI 0.5-1.4%). Among the northern zone regions, Arusha had the highest of 2.3%(95%CI 0.9-4.7%) and on the southern highlands zone, Iringa emanated to have the highest prevalence of 0.73% (95%CI 0.08-2.5%). Animal age, extensive feeding system, and temperature were univariably significant risk factors to C. burnetii seropositivity. The final multivariable logistic regression model showed that old animal age, extensive feeding system, and low precipitation were strongly associated with Q fever seropositivity. These findings indicate that C. burnetii circulates among smallholder dairy cattle across regions in Tanzania. However, Tanga, Arusha and Iringa are the three regions with the highest seroprevalence and should be considered for systematic and active surveillance. Furthermore, “One Health” approaches are necessary to fully understand disease transmission and control of this zoonotic disease.

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Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii infection in small mammals from Moshi Rural and Urban Districts, northern Tanzania

Theonest

Carter

Kasagama

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii infection in small mammals from Moshi Rural and Urban Districts, northern Tanzania

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Exposure in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Tanzania

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) Exposure in Smallholder Dairy Cattle in Tanzania

Epidemiologic study of q fever in smallholder dairy cattle in selected regions of Tanzania

Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii infection in small mammals from Moshi Rural and Urban Districts, northern Tanzania

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