Molecular Diagnosis of Two Major Implantation Mycoses: Chromoblastomycosis and Sporotrichosis

Maubon, Danièle; Garnaud, Cécile; Ramarozatovo, Lala Soavina; Fahafahantsoa, Rapelanoro Rabenja; Cornet, Muriel; Rasamoelina, Tahinamandranto

doi:10.3390/jof8040382

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions, including countries such as Brazil, India, Mexico, the USA, Japan, China, Madagascar and South Africa. 12 Our study revealed that not all countries have reported cases of sporotrichosis in people living with HIV (PLWH), which suggests possible un- identifications, as well as an in vitro thermoconversion test. 17 In addition, special histological staining techniques can be used, such as Periodic Acid Schiff and Gomori-Grocott silver methenamine, in cases where there is suspicion of sporotrichosis associated with a histopathological picture compatible with the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Sporotrichosis co‐infection with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Uemura

Rossato

2023

Mycoses

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Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus belonging to the genus Sporothrix. This fungal infection can affect both humans and domestic animals, and in recent years, an increase in the geographic spread and prevalence of sporotrichosis has been observed globally. This systematic review aimed to examine the clinical‐epidemiological and therapeutic aspects related to sporotrichosis co‐infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An extensive electronic search was conducted on databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Medline, Embase, Scopus and SciELO was performed to identify clinical cases of people living with HIV (PLWH) with sporotrichosis published until May 2023. As a result, we found that most co‐infected patients were male, representing 71.76% (94/131) of cases. The most prevalent age group was 41–50 years, with a mean age of 36.98 years. The countries with the highest number of cases were Brazil (75.57%, 99/131) and the United States (16.03%, 21/131). The most frequent clinical presentation was systemic dissemination, accounting for 69.47% (91/131) of the cases, followed by cutaneous dissemination with 13% (17/131). The mean CD4+ cell count was 154.07 cells/μL, and most patients used amphotericin B with at least one azole, which represented 47.33% (62/131) of cases, followed by azole monotherapy in 17.56% (23/131) of cases. As for the outcome, 51.15% (67/131) of the patients remained alive, and 37.4% (49/131) died. Therefore, it was concluded that sporotrichosis in PLWH is a disease with a high prevalence in Brazil and may be associated with systemic clinical manifestations requiring longer periods of systemic antifungal therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Sporotrichosis co‐infection with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Uemura

Rossato

2023

Mycoses

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“…Currently, there is no existing literature on assays for the identification of CBM and FEO agents using RFLP, with only isolated studies of specific primers which either do not encompass all currently identified agents or lack sensitivity and specificity [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Chromoblastomycosis and Phaeohyphomycosis Agents through ITS-RFLP

Sousa,

De Oliveira,

De Souza

et al. 2024

JoF

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Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) and phaeohyphomycosis (FEO) are infections caused by melanized filamentous fungal agents, primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions. Both infections pose significant challenges for the correct identification of the causative agent due to their morphological similarity, making conventional methods of morphological analysis highly subjective. Therefore, molecular techniques are necessary for the precise determination of these species. In this regard, this study aimed to contribute to a new methodology based on PCR-RFLP for the identification of agents causing CBM and FEO. Sequences from the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region were used to identify potential restriction enzyme sites in silico, followed by in vitro validation using the selected restriction enzymes. The obtained results were compared with species identification through morphological analyses and sequencing. The results demonstrated that the PCR-RFLP applied in this study accurately identified two major agents of chromoblastomycosis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Fonsecaea monophora, as well as Cladophialophora bantiana and Exophiala dermatitidis, both causative agents of phaeohyphomycosis. In this context, the proposed assay can complement current methods for identifying these species, aiding in diagnosis, and contributing to the proper management of these infections.

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“…However, the absence of histopathology laboratories in remote areas probably limits the availability of early diagnosis. New diagnostic tests are based on the detection of specific biomarkers or DNA sequencing, but this raises the question of their accessibility in endemic countries with limited resources [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. The proportion of diagnoses by direct examination was low, given the easiness of this procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromoblastomycosis in French Guiana: Epidemiology and Practices, 1955–2023

Valentin,

Grotta,

Muller

et al. 2024

JoF

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Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic neglected fungal disease, usually met in tropical areas. French Guiana is a South American territory with limited epidemiological data. This retrospective study concerned all patients with CBM proven by at least one paraclinical examination and diagnosed in French Guiana between 1950 and 2023. In total, 23 patients were included, mostly males (87%) of Creole origin, living in the coastal region (87%) and involved in outdoor occupations (74%). Lesions were mostly observed on the lower limbs (78.3%), with a median time to diagnosis of four years. Laboratory tests included positive direct microscopic examinations (78.3%) and mycological cultures (69.6%), identifying 14 cases of Fonsecaea pedrosoi and one case of Exophiala janselmei. Various treatments were employed, including antifungals, surgery and combinations of both. In conclusion, CBM in French Guiana involves a different population than other subcutaneous mycoses such as Lobomycosis or Paracoccidioidomycosis, mostly found in the forest hinterland. Surgery should be recommended for recent and limited lesions. Itraconazole and terbinafine should systematically be proposed, either in monotherapy or in combination with surgery or cryotherapy.

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Molecular Diagnosis of Two Major Implantation Mycoses: Chromoblastomycosis and Sporotrichosis

Cited by 11 publications

References 80 publications

Sporotrichosis co‐infection with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Sporotrichosis co‐infection with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Identification of Chromoblastomycosis and Phaeohyphomycosis Agents through ITS-RFLP

Chromoblastomycosis in French Guiana: Epidemiology and Practices, 1955–2023

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