Molecular diagnostics of neurodegenerative disorders

Agrawal, Megha; Biswas, Abhijit

doi:10.3389/fmolb.2015.00054

Cited by 139 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Transformed expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) along with role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration makes them assuring choices as neurodiagnostics . Exosomes, minor membrane‐associated vesicles released by various nerve cell types, counting microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes transport these miRNAs and are involved in neurological disorders .…”

Section: Non‐specific Neurodiagnostic Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcoming diagnostic biomarkers with promising prospects in neurological disorders

Ahmad¹,

Ali

et al. 2019

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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In accordance with a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, reported in Lancet Neurology, neurological disorders are ranked as the second-leading cause of deaths (9.4 million, comprising 16.8% of global deaths). These reports reflect the massive rise (36.7% increase between 1990 and 2015) in mortality due to neurological disorders. 1 The data evidently indicate that neurological disorders are becoming one of the prime causes of disability and death worldwide. Owing to such an alarming rise in neurological disorders over the past 25 years, the scenario demands substantial steps to be taken for their prevention and treatment. Neurological disorders include cognitive impairment, stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). 2 It seems that each of these neurological conditions has a unique pathophysiology and therefore should be identified as distinguished conditions for their appropriate diagnosis and treatment. However, it has been well demonstrated in preceding research studies that these neurological disorders reflect similar symptoms and aetiology, ending up with an exhaustive and challenging diagnosis. Nevertheless, current investigation studies are coming up to objectively evaluate profoundly the molecular mechanisms that cause these neurological disorders, which would in turn aid in their proper diagnosis and treatment.The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorder is marked by various pathological alterations co-occurring in a particular brain tissue owing to the deposition of proteins or interactions happening therein that result in cognitive decline and clinical manifestation of that neurological disorder. 3 Therefore, the diagnosis of such neurodegenerative condition is mainly based on the identification of the pattern of Abstract An exponential increase in the prevalence of neurological disorders requires substantial steps to be taken for their prevention and treatment. Neurodiagnostic biomarkers are gaining momentum presently in order to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of neurodegenerative disorders, to precisely assess their advancement and to monitor the efficiency of therapeutic interventions. Therefore, the primary focus of the present review is the recent development in this field of neurodiagnostic biomarkers, and the current state of biomarker exploration in the context of various neurodegenerative diseases. This review encompasses an updated and detailed account of specific (β-Amyloid, Tau and Phospho-tau 181, Tar-DNA binding protein-43, Progranulin, asynuclein, Clusterin, etc) and non-specific (genetic, synaptic, inflammatory and coagulation) neurodiagnostic biomarkers and the recent advances in this growing field. This comprehensive review also suggests the utilization of neurodiagnostic markers in network approaches and personalized medication that will eventually improvise the existing diagnostic and therapeutic complexities of neurodiagnostic biomarkers. K E Y W O R D Snetwork approach, neurodiagnostic marker specific neurodiagnostic biomarker, n...

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Section: Non‐specific Neurodiagnostic Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcoming diagnostic biomarkers with promising prospects in neurological disorders

Ahmad¹,

Ali

et al. 2019

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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“…The main motor symptoms are loss of memory, slowness of movement called bradykinesia, loss of balance with possible falls. Other than these there are following scanning systems used in the diagnosis of AD [21,22].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Development in diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Kumar¹

2016

IOSRPHR

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ABSTRACT:-The decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis can lead to development of Alzheimer disease (AD), yet various hypothesis suggest that AD patient have increased neurogenesis in the region 1 of hippocampus proper (CA1 region). Ammon"s horn (the principle region of Alzheimer"s pathology) has been found to be involved in neuronal loss however the exact nature of neurogenesis is unknown. Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1 are associated with an increased risk of developing AD) stimulates neurogenesis to produce major change in hippocampal plasticity and seems to be involved in Alzheimer"s pathology. Allopregnanolone, a neurosteroid, aids in continued neurogenesis in the brain. Levels of allopregnanolone in the brain decline in old age and Alzheimer"s disease Allopregnanolone acts by reversing neurogenesis impairment thus preventing cognitive deficitis of AD disease in various mouse models. Ephirin signaling pathway has been shown to regulate neurogenesis in the hippocampus and have been studied as potential target to treat some symptoms of AD. Molecule associated with the pathology of AD, including Apo lipoprotein (ApoE), presenilin genesPSI,PS2 and APP have also been found to impact adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Detection and diagnosis of AD is done by variety of neuro-psychatic and imaging techniques. Psychological, behavioral, cognitive, holistic and humanistic therapy approaches are used for its treatment.

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“…Actually, the identification of predictive biomarkers in the course of MS is relevant and remains crucial in this field. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover the diagnostic marker of disease activity or disability progression, especially in MS, which is still not curable [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GPR17 Receptor—A Promising Goal for Therapy and a Potential Marker of the Neurodegenerative Process in Multiple Sclerosis

Dziedzic

Miller

Saluk‐Bijak

et al. 2020

IJMS

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One of the most important goals in the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) is, in addition to immunomodulation, reconstruction of the lost myelin sheath. The modulator of the central nervous system myelination is the metabotropic receptor coupled to the G-protein: GPR17. GPR17 receptors are considered to be sensors of local damage to the myelin sheath, and play a role in the reconstruction and repair of demyelinating plaques caused by ongoing inflammatory processes. GPR17 receptors are present on nerve cells and precursor oligodendrocyte cells. Under physiological conditions, they are responsible for the differentiation and subsequent maturation of oligodendrocytes, while under pathological conditions (during damage to nerve cells), their expression increases to become mediators in the demyelinating processes. Moreover, they are essential not only in both the processes of inducing damage and the death of neurons, but also in the local repair of the damaged myelin sheath. Therefore, GPR17 receptors may be recognized as the potential goal in creating innovative therapies for the treatment of the neurodegenerative process in MS, based on the acceleration of the remyelination processes. This review examines the role of GRP17 in pathomechanisms of MS development.

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Molecular diagnostics of neurodegenerative disorders

Cited by 139 publications

References 74 publications

Upcoming diagnostic biomarkers with promising prospects in neurological disorders

Upcoming diagnostic biomarkers with promising prospects in neurological disorders

Development in diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

The GPR17 Receptor—A Promising Goal for Therapy and a Potential Marker of the Neurodegenerative Process in Multiple Sclerosis

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