Molecular diversity of cardiac endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo

Hendrickx, Jan; Doggen, Kris; Weinberg, Ellen O.; Tongelen, Pascale Van; Fransen, Paul; Keulenaer, Gilles W. De

doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00143.2004

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These studies indicate that ECs are extremely heterogeneous and express unique cell surface antigens that together comprise an EC "vascular address" system (55). DNA array analyses of EC gene expression profiles further emphasize the level of EC diversity, with ECs from different sources even within the same organ differing significantly in their gene expression profiles (11,22,27,30,34). In one extensive analysis of 52 different EC types from 14 different anatomical sites, characteristic clusters of genes were expressed by ECs of different tissues, as well as by arterial compared to venous ECs and by macro-compared to microvascular ECs.…”

Section: Ecs Are a Highly Diverse Population Of Distinct Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Cytomegalovirus Tropism for Endothelial Cells: Not All Endothelial Cells Are Created Equal

Jarvis¹,

Nelson

2007

J Virol

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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that persists for the life of the host following initial infection. Genome analysis indicates that mammalian CMVs have cospeciated with their respective host over the last 80 million years (39). This prolonged period of coevolution has resulted in a high level of coadaptation between virus and host. The study of CMV, a virus that is exquisitely adapted for persistence within the host, is beginning to reveal strategies critical for virus survival. Although all herpesviruses persist for the life span of the host, recent findings suggest that HCMV has a unique replication strategy for maintenance within the host, wherein the virus establishes sites of persistent active replication even in the presence of high levels of preexisting HCMVspecific immunity. A number of cell types, including myeloid lineage cells, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells (ECs), appear to be critical as sites of HCMV persistent replication and latency. HCMV infections of myeloid lineage and of smooth muscle cells have been the focuses of previous reviews (see references 32 and 66). This review will focus on HCMV infection of ECs and the role of this cell type in virus persistence and latency. We will describe a "genomic island" of three genes that are essential for HCMV EC tropism and discuss mechanisms by which the products of these genes mediate HCMV infection in ECs. CMV IS ADAPTED FOR PERSISTENT REPLICATION IN THE IMMUNOCOMPETENT HOSTAll herpesviruses persist for the life span of the host (53). However, HCMV appears to have a unique replication strategy for maintenance within the host, wherein the virus establishes sites of persistent active replication (or frequent virus reactivation) even in the presence of high levels of preexisting HCMV-specific immunity. Consistent with this ability of the virus to replicate irrespective of host immunity, HCMV has been shown to frequently reinfect healthy HCMV-seropositive individuals, with active replication in these individuals for months to years (1, 7). Further evidence for persistent virus replication is the observation that a surprisingly large component of an individual's T-cell repertoire is directed against HCMV-encoded epitopes (57, 65); in some cases, in excess of 40% of an individual's CD4 ϩ T-cell response is directed against HCMV (57). Epitopes recognized by these T cells are present in HCMV proteins expressed at all stages of the viral replication cycle (65), consistent with continual exposure of the host immune response to HCMV antigens from persistently replicating virus. Consequently, HCMV appears to be exquisitely adapted to maintain an active, persistent replication for the life span of the immunocompetent host.

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Section: Ecs Are a Highly Diverse Population Of Distinct Cell Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Cytomegalovirus Tropism for Endothelial Cells: Not All Endothelial Cells Are Created Equal

Jarvis¹,

Nelson

2007

J Virol

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“…Endothelial cells are not a homogenous cell type; marked heterogeneity between cells from the lymphatic and blood vascular lineages and at different vessel calibre in the vascular tree is apparent both from microarray analysis (Chi et al, 2003;Hendrickx et al, 2004;Hirakawa et al, 2003) and from immunohistochemical staining (Pusztaszeri et al, 2006) (reviewed by Aird, 2007a). Organ-specific variation (Aird, 2007b) also occurs and certain specialised endothelia, such as alveolar capillary endothelial cells, lack VWF and therefore possess no WPBs (Pusztaszeri et al, 2006).…”

Section: Variations In Wpbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and function of Weibel-Palade bodies

Metcalf,

Nightingale,

Zenner

et al. 2008

Journal of Cell Science

139

140

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Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) are secretory organelles used for post-synthesis storage in endothelial cells that can, very rapidly, be triggered to release their contents. They carry a variety of bioactive molecules that are needed to mount a rapid response to the complex environment of cells that line blood vessels. They store factors that are essential to haemostasis and inflammation, as well as factors that modulate vascular tonicity and angiogenesis. The number of WPBs and their precise content vary between endothelial tissues, reflecting their differing physiological circumstances. The particular functional demands of the highly multimerised haemostatic protein von Willebrand Factor (VWF), which is stored in WPBs as tubules until release, are responsible for the cigar shape of these granules. How VWF tubules drive the formation of these uniquely shaped organelles, and how WPB density increases during maturation, has recently been revealed by EM analysis using high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution. In addition, an AP1/clathrin coat has been found to be essential to WPB formation. Following recruitment of cargo at the TGN, there is a second wave of recruitment that delivers integral and peripheral membrane proteins to WPBs, some of which is AP3 dependent.

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“…All animal protocols were approved by the local ethical committee for animal research (University of Antwerp). CMVE and aortic endothelial cells (AE) were isolated and cultured from adult Sprague-Dawley rats as previously described (11).…”

Section: Cell Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%