Molecular diversity of spirooxindoles. Synthesis and biological activity

Abstract

Spirooxindoles are important synthetic targets possessing extended biological activity and drug discovery applications. This review focuses on the various strategies for the enantioselective synthesis of spirocyclic oxindoles relying on reports over the past decade and from earlier work. The spirooxindoles in this review are separated into three structural classes, and then further categorized into the method type from which the spirocycle is generated.

An effective one-pot access to polynuclear dispiroheterocyclic structures comprising pyrrolidinyloxindole and imidazothiazolotriazine moieties via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition strategy

“…Such multicomponent reactions are characterized by productivity, operational simplicity, and efficiency [9–13]. A highly interesting class of heterocycles which is accessible through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions are compounds having the spiropyrrolidinyloxindole core [14–18]. The 3,3’-spiropyrrolidinyloxindole unit is found in the molecular skeleton of a large family of natural alkaloids with remarkable bioactivity profiles and interesting structural properties [19–20].…”

Combined Scaffold Evaluation and Systems‐Level Transcriptome‐Based Analysis for Accelerated Lead Optimization Reveals Ribosomal Targeting Spirooxindole Cyclopropanes

“…While synthetic efforts have focused on constructing C3‐spirofused five‐ and six‐membered rings, only recently has the spirooxindole cyclopropane emerged as a scaffold for guided drug design . In contrast to the rich history of 2‐oxindoles, reports of spirooxindole cyclopropanes as architectural templates for therapeutic exploitation are limited .…”

Efficient and green pathway for one-pot synthesis of spirooxindoles in the presence of CuO nanoparticles

“…A variety of spirooxindoles containing isatin are important compounds with biological and medicinal properties (8)(9)(10)(11). The need to develop synthetic methods for the preparation of these heterocycles has attracted the attention of many scientists.…”