Molecular docking studies of anti-apoptotic BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1 proteins with ginsenosides from <i>Panax ginseng</i>

Natarajan, Sathishkumar; Subramaniyam, Sathiyamoorthy; Mathiyalagan, Ramya; Yang, Dong-Uk; Lee, Hee Nyeong; Yang, Deok‐Chun

doi:10.3109/14756366.2011.608663

Cited by 76 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…1) and transferase activity (newly synthesized spots), similar to previous reports about α-glucosidase [13,21]. The pharmacological efficacies of each dammarane triterpenoid (ginsenoside) vary according to their mono-, di-, or tri-glycosylation [12,17]. However, the isolation and synthesis of natural and non-natural derivatives have received great attention in the attempt to understand and obtain better pharmacologically active drugs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Enzymatic Formation of Novel Ginsenoside Rg1-α-Glucosides by Rat Intestinal Homogenates

Mathiyalagan

Kim

et al. 2015

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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The variation of linkage positions in ginsenosides leads to diverse pharmacological efficiencies. The hydrolysis and transglycosylation properties of glycosyl hydrolase family enzymes have a great impact on the synthesis of novel and structurally diversified compounds. In this study, six ginsenoside Rg1-α-glucosides were found to be synthesized from the reaction mixture of maltose as a donor and ginsenoside Rg1 as a sugar acceptor in the presence of rat small intestinal homogenates, which exhibit high α-glucosidase activities. The individual compounds were purified and were identified by spectroscopy (HPLC-MS, (1)H-NMR, and (13)C-NMR) as 6-O-[α-D-glcp-(1→4)-β-D-glcp]-20-O-(β-D-glcp)-20(S)-protopanaxatriol, 6-O-β-D-glcp-20-O-[α-D-glcp-(1→6)-(β-D-glcp)]-20(S)-protopanaxatriol, 6-O-β-D-glcp-20-O-[α-D-glcp-(1→4)-(β-D-glcp)]-20(S)-protopanaxatriol, 6-O-[α-D-glcp-(1→6)-β-D-glcp]-20-O-(β-glcp)-20(S)-protopanaxatriol, 6-O-[α-D-glcp-(1→3)-β-D-glcp]-20-O-(β-D-glcp)-20(S)-protopanaxatriol, and 6-O-β-D-glcp-20-O-[α-D-glcp-(1→3)-(β-D-glcp)]-20(S)-protopanaxatriol. Among these six, 6-O-β-D-glcp-20-O-α-D-glcp-(1→6)-(β-D-glcp)-20(S)-protopanaxatriol and 6-O-α-D-glcp-(1→6)-β-D-glcp-20-O-(β-D-glcp)-20(S)-protopanaxatriol are considered to be novel compounds of alpha-ginsenosidal saponins which pharmacological activities should be further characterized. This is the first report on the enzymatic elaboration of ginsenoside Rg1 derivatives using rat intestinal homogenates. To the best of our knowledge, it is also the first to reveal the sixth and 20th positions of an unusual α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl sugar chain with 20(S)-protopanaxatriol saponins in Panax ginseng Mayer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Enzymatic Formation of Novel Ginsenoside Rg1-α-Glucosides by Rat Intestinal Homogenates

Mathiyalagan

Kim

et al. 2015

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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“…Fatty acid esterification of CK increases its absorption and bioavailability, 7) and has a considerable effect on its cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines. Although improved efficacies of various ginsenosides has been reported, 8) difficulties in target-based delivery of ginsenosides to tumor sites as well as their poor bioavailability, absorption, and solubility remain major drawbacks to the use of ginsenosides in clinical trials.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis and pharmacokinetic characterization of a pH-sensitive polyethylene glycol ginsenoside CK (PEG-CK) conjugate

Mathiyalagan

Subramaniyam

Kim

et al. 2014

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…Panax ginseng, an economically important natural plant used in oriental medicine, produces active compounds known as ginsenosides. In a study by Sathishkumar et al [44], different types of ginsenoside showed binding affinity to the antiapoptotic proteins BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1, suggesting new agents for use in cancer therapy. Zhou et al [45] used smallmolecule inhibitors of BCL-2 and BCL-XL to evaluate apoptosis in a cell lineage of small cell lung cancer.…”

Section: Splice Variants In the Proteomementioning

confidence: 98%

Splice variants in the proteome: a promising and challenging field to targeted drug discovery

Tavares

Scherer

Ferreira

et al. 2015

Drug Discovery Today

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Molecular docking studies of anti-apoptotic BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1 proteins with ginsenosides from Panax ginseng

Cited by 76 publications

References 42 publications

Enzymatic Formation of Novel Ginsenoside Rg1-α-Glucosides by Rat Intestinal Homogenates

Enzymatic Formation of Novel Ginsenoside Rg1-α-Glucosides by Rat Intestinal Homogenates

Synthesis and pharmacokinetic characterization of a pH-sensitive polyethylene glycol ginsenoside CK (PEG-CK) conjugate

Splice variants in the proteome: a promising and challenging field to targeted drug discovery

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