“…Similarly, despite decades of widespread use of computational molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) methods (e.g., Allen and Tildesley, 1987;Cygan and Kubicki, 2001;Schlick, 2002), these techniques have been rarely applied to the investigation of NOM and its interaction with aqueous solutions and mineral surfaces (Schulten and Schnitzer, 1997;Leenheer et al, 1998;Kubicki and Apitz, 1999;Sein et al, 1999;Shevchenko et al, 1999;Diallo et al, 2003;Porquet et al, 2003;Sutton et al, 2005). Classical molecular computer simulations are typically performed for systems containing 10 3 -10 6 particles (atoms, ions, and/or molecules) and can thus effectively capture longer range and cooperative behavior of the simulated systems.…”