Molecular dynamics simulations of the structure and transport properties of tetra-butylphosphonium amino acid ionic liquids

Abstract

Systematic molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the structure, dynamics and transport properties of the ionic liquids composed of the tetra-butylphosphonium ([TBP](+), or [P(C(4)H(9))(4)](+)) cation with six amino acid ([AA](-)) anions. The structural features of these ionic liquids were characterized by calculating the partial site-site radial distribution functions, g(r), and computing the dihedral angle distribution of n-butyl side chains in the [TBP](+) cations. The dynamics of the ionic liquids are described by studying the velocity autocorrelation function (VACF) and the mean-square displacement (MSD) for the centers of mass of the ions at different temperatures. The ionic diffusion coefficients and the electrical conductivities were evaluated from both the Einstein and Green-Kubo methods. The cross-correlation terms in the electric-current autocorrelation functions, which are an indication of the ion pair correlations, are investigated. The cationic transference numbers were also estimated to study the contributions of the anions and cations to the transport of charge in these ionic liquids. We determined the role of the amino acid anion structures on the dynamical behavior and the transport coefficients of this family of ionic liquids. In general, the MSD and self-diffusion coefficients of the relatively heavier non-planar [TBP](+) cations are smaller than those of the lighter amino acid anions. Introducing polar functional groups (acid or amide) in the side chain of [AA](-) decreases the diffusion coefficient and electrical conductivity of AAILs. The major factors for determining the magnitude of the transport coefficients are the chemical functionality and the length of the alkyl side chain of the [AA](-) anion of these [TBP][AA] ionic liquids.

Free and Bound States of Ions in Ionic Liquids, Conductivity, and Underscreening Paradox

“…The conclusion that the Nernst-Einstein equation should include only free ions could rationalize the findings of several research groups that the straightforward application of the Nernst-Einstein overestimates the RTIL conductivity [50,58,87,88]. Indeed, the use of the diffusion coefficients of the overall ions in Fig.…”

“…The linear response theory relates the specific directcurrent conductivity (σ) and the autocorrelation function of an electric current ⃗ JðtÞ ¼ P m q m ⃗ v m ðtÞ, where q m and ⃗ v m ðtÞ are the charge and velocity of the mth particle, respectively, through the Green-Kubo relation [84,88] σ…”

Density and sound speed study of hydration of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium based amino acid ionic liquids in aqueous solutions

“…in pure state [9,10,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Kowsari et al [24] have studied structure and transport properties of tetra-butylphosphonium AAILs using molecular dynamic simulation study. Hybrid density functional study using B3LYP method at 6-311++G ⁄ level is also made to understand structural details of 1-alky-3-methylimidazolium based AAILs by Mohajeri and Ashrafi [25] in which they tried to correlate glass transition temperature with electron density at bond critical point of H-bonding between methylene group of imidazole ring and the oxygen atom of the carboxylate group of amino acid through which ion-pair forms.…”

Electron dynamics of shocked polyethylene crystal

“…33,34 We determined the electrical conductivity from our NV E Hugoniot states using the Green-Kubo integral of the electric current correlation function:…”