Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridioides difficile detected in chicken, soil and human samples from Zimbabwe

Бергер, Фабиан; Mellmann, Alexander; Bischoff, Markus; Müller, Lutz von; Becker, Sören L.; Simango, Clifford; Гартнер, Барбара

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.026

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This result is in concordance with most previous studies on poultry-associated C. difficile (e.g. (Dharmasena and Jiang, 2018; Berger et al ., 2020; Le Maréchal et al ., 2020; Heise et al ., 2021)) even though there is little evidence that C. difficile may cause disease in birds (Weese, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Table 1), the larger of which included numerous isolates from diverse host species and geographic origins. Fluoroquinolone and clindamycin resistance in poultry-associated C. difficile has occasionally been reported (from the USA and Zimbabwe (Harvey et al ., 2011; Dharmasena and Jiang, 2018; Berger et al ., 2020)). Since macrolides and fluoroquinolones are the two antibiotics most heavily used in the poultry industry in Europe, and resistance against these drugs is widespread among other gastrointestinal pathogens from chickens (Roth et al ., 2019), lowered susceptibilities might also have been expected from broiler-associated C. difficile , but yet this was not detected in our samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agricultural fertilization with poultry manure results in persistent environmental contamination with the pathogenClostridioides difficile

Frentrup

Thiel

Junker

et al. 2021

Preprint

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During a field experiment applying broiler manure for fertilization of agricultural land, we detected viable Clostridioides (formerly, Clostridium) difficile in broiler feces, manure, dust, and fertilized soil. A large diversity of toxigenic C. difficile isolates was recovered, including PCR ribotypes common from human disease. Genomic relatedness of C. difficile isolates from dust and from soil, recovered more than two years after fertilization, traced their origins to the specific chicken farm that had delivered the manure. We present evidence of long-term contamination of agricultural soil with manure-derived C. difficile and demonstrate the potential for airborne dispersal of C. difficile through dust emissions during manure application. Clostridioides genome sequences virtually identical to those from manure had been recovered from chicken meat and from human infections in previous studies, suggesting broiler-associated C. difficile are capable of zoonotic transmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural fertilization with poultry manure results in persistent environmental contamination with the pathogenClostridioides difficile

Frentrup

Thiel

Junker

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Although all isolates in the conducted study were susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole antibiotics, variable degrees of reduced susceptibility to tetracycline, clindamycin or moxifloxacin were detected in some isolates ( Table 3 ). This result is in agreement with Varshney et al (2014) and Berger et al (2020) who reported complete susceptibility of C. difficile strains isolated from meat samples to vancomycin and metronidazole. Furthermore, Freeman et al (2015) reported the resistance to vancomycin and metronidazole among 953 C. difficile isolates as 0.87% and 0.11%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The current study detected 4/15 clindamycin-intermediate, 6/15 moxifloxacin-intermediate and 3/15 moxifloxacin-resistant C. difficile isolates. Berger et al (2020) reported 2/80 clindamycin-resistant and 26/80 moxifloxacin-resistant isolates. The relative decrease in the susceptibility of C. difficile to moxifloxacin might be cross-resistance with other fluoroquinolones which might be used for treatment of multiple gastrointestinal infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raw Animal Meats as Potential Sources of Clostridium difficile in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia

Taha¹

2021

Food Sci Anim Resour

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Clostridium difficile present in feces of food animals may contaminate their meats and act as a potential source of C. difficile infection (CDI) to humans. C. difficile resistance to antibiotics, its production of toxins and spores play major roles in the pathogenesis of CDI. This is the first study to evaluate C. difficile prevalence in retail raw animal meats, its antibiotics susceptibilities and toxigenic activities in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia. Totally, 240 meat samples were tested. C. difficile was identified by standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Vitek-2 compact system confirmed C. difficile isolates were 15/240 (6.3%). Toxins A/B were not detected by Xpect C. difficile toxin A/B tests. Although all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole, variable degrees of reduced susceptibilities to moxifloxacin, clindamycin or tetracycline antibiotics were detected by Epsilon tests. C. difficile strains with reduced susceptibility to antibiotics should be investigated. Variability between the worldwide reported C. difficile contamination levels could be due to absence of a gold standard procedure for its isolation. Establishment of a unified testing algorithm for C. difficile detection in food products is definitely essential to evaluate the inter-regional variation in its prevalence on national and international levels. Proper use of antimicrobials during animal husbandry is crucial to control the selective drug pressure on C. difficile strains associated with food animals. Investigating the protective or pathogenic potential of non-toxigenic C. difficile strains and the possibility of gene transfer from certain toxigenic/ antibiotics-resistant to non-toxigenic/antibiotics-sensitive strains, respectively, should be worthy of attention.

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“…Carrier rates in birds ranges from zero to 62.0% [5]. Several studies reported C. difficile contamination of retail meats of birds and considered it as a potential source of CDI in many populations all over the world [5,9,28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retail chicken meats as potential sources of Clostridioides difficile in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia

Taha

2021

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Presence of Clostridioides difficile in stool of food birds and animals is a risk for contamination of their meats to become potential sources of human infection. The main virulence factors of C. difficile are its resistance to antibiotics, production of toxins and spores. As far as I know, this is the first study to evaluate C. difficile prevalence in chicken meats, its toxigenic activities and antibiotics sensitivity patterns in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Totally, 250 raw chicken meat samples were examined. Standard microbiological and biochemical procedures were used for C. difficile isolation and identification. The suspected colonies were tested by L-proline and C. difficile test kits then confirmed by Vitek 2 compact system. Xpect C. difficile toxin A/B test was used to detect A/B toxins production. Antibiotics susceptibility patterns were detected by Epsilon tests. Results: C. difficile was isolated from 11/250 (4.40%) chicken meat samples; 5/65 (7.69%) legs, 3/65 (4.61%) thighs, 2/60 (3.33%) wings and 1/60 (1.67%) breasts (p = 0.4). All isolates were non-toxigenic. Although all isolates were vancomycin sensitive, some isolates were intermediate/resistant to metronidazole, tetracycline, clindamycin or moxifloxacin antibiotics with variable degrees. Conclusions: C. difficile might contaminate retail chicken meats. Although low level of contamination by non-toxigenic strains was detected, chicken meats should be investigated as C. difficile infection sources for humans especially elders, immune-compromised and long terms wide spectrum antibiotics-used persons. Decreased sensitivity of C. difficile to antibiotics is emerging.

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Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridioides difficile detected in chicken, soil and human samples from Zimbabwe

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Agricultural fertilization with poultry manure results in persistent environmental contamination with the pathogenClostridioides difficile

Agricultural fertilization with poultry manure results in persistent environmental contamination with the pathogenClostridioides difficile

Raw Animal Meats as Potential Sources of Clostridium difficile in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia

Retail chicken meats as potential sources of Clostridioides difficile in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia

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