Molecular epidemiology and multilocus sequence analysis of potentially zoonotic Giardia spp. from humans and dogs in Jamaica

Lee, Mellesia F.; Cadogan, Paul; Eytle, Sarah; Copeland, Sonia; Walochnik, Julia; Lindo, John

doi:10.1007/s00436-016-5304-y

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, the distribution of assemblages A and B in humans varies among studies, the assemblage B seems to be slightly more common in both developing and developed countries than assemblage A (Yang et al 2010; Feng and Xiao, 2011; Mukherjee et al 2013; Durigan et al 2014; Minetti et al 2015 a ; Prystajecky et al 2015; Ramírez et al 2015; Forsell et al 2016). On the other hand, there are some recent studies that have instead shown a predominance of assemblage A (Coronato Nunes et al 2016; Hatam-Nahavandi et al 2016; Lee et al 2017), which are in agreement with our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

The first multilocus genotype analysis of Giardia intestinalis in humans in the Czech Republic

et al. 2018

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To date, genotyping data on giardiasis have not been available in the Czech Republic. In this study, we characterized 47 human isolates of Giardia intestinalis from symptomatic as well as asymptomatic giardiasis cases. Genomic DNA from trophozoites was tested by PCR-sequence analysis at three loci (β-giardin, glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase). Sequence analysis showed assemblages A and B in 41 (87.2%) and six (12.8%) isolates, respectively. Two of the 41 assemblage A samples were genotyped as sub-assemblage AI, and 39 were genotyped as sub-assemblage AII. Four previously identified multilocus genotypes (MLGs: AI-1, AII-1, AII-4 and AII-9) and six likely novel variations of MLGs were found. In agreement with previous studies, sequences from assemblage B isolates were characterized by a large genetic variability and by the presence of heterogeneous positions, which prevent the definition of MLGs. This study also investigated whether there was a relationship between the assemblage and clinical data (including drug resistance). However, due to the large number of genotypes and the relatively small number of samples, no significant associations with the clinical data were found.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

The first multilocus genotype analysis of Giardia intestinalis in humans in the Czech Republic

et al. 2018

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“…Furthermore, due to the high prevalence of Giardia among children, and its higher exposure to dogs in poor seting, it is believed that Giardia has developed zoonotic transmission. This possibility has been reported concordantly by genotyping and molecular studies from Mexico [40], Jamaica [41], and Cambodia [42].…”

Section: Incidence and Burden Of Diseasesupporting

confidence: 61%

Giardiasis Epidemiology

Quispe¹

2017

Current Topics in Giardiasis

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Giardiasis is the intestinal infection caused by Giardia lamblia, in which pathogenicity was cast doubted for decades but now is recognized as one of the most common causes of diarrheal disease worldwide. Originally described as waterborne transmited, it has been broad described as of fecal-oral, person-to-person contact, and sexual transmission also. Although it is recognized as endemic throughout the world, most cases are reported from tropical countries with regular outbreaks commonly reported from developed countries. In humans, giardiasis normally produces a self-limited infection without symptoms, but some patients may present intestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain, and few show symptoms long after parasites clear up. Upon diagnosis, we may choose among several efective treatment alternatives, but not every patient responds to such therapies. Hence, having speciic knowledge about the epidemiology of Giardia, it is critical for its prevention, which is the best strategy to protect us against such important disease.

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“…For example, the high prevalence of D and C/D in the hunting dogs in our study can be explained by living conditions and behavior favorable for feco-oral transmission, introduction of dogspecific assemblages due to more contact with canids than with humans, and the relatively low prevalence of Giardia in the Dutch human population [44,45]. Also, this may explain, at least partly, the reports of high versus low risks of zoonotic transmission [7,39,46,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Giardia duodenalis multi-locus genotypes in dogs with different levels of synanthropism and clinical signs

et al. 2020

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Background In dogs, infections with Giardia duodenalis are mainly caused by assemblages C and D, but also by the potentially zoonotic assemblages A and B. The aims of this study were to assess differences in assemblages (i) between dogs living mainly in close proximity to humans (synanthropic dogs) versus dogs living mainly among other dogs, (ii) between samples of dogs with or without loose stool, and (iii) related to the amount of cysts shedding. Methods One hundred eighty-nine qPCR Giardia positive fecal samples of dogs originating from four groups (household, sheltered, hunting, and dogs for which a veterinarian sent a fecal sample to a diagnostic laboratory) were used for genotyping. For this, multi-locus genotyping of beta-giardin, triose phosphate isomerase, and glutamate dehydrogenase and genotyping of SSU rDNA gene fragments were performed. Fecal consistency was scored (loose or non-loose stool), and cysts per gram of feces were determined with qPCR. Results Assemblage D was the most prevalent in all groups, followed by the other canid assemblage C. Also, mixed C/D was common. In two (synanthropic) household dogs, the potentially zoonotic assemblage AI was present. Although occurrence of assemblage AI in household dogs was not significantly different from dogs living among other dogs (sheltered and hunting dogs), it was significantly higher compared to dogs for which a sample was sent to a diagnostic laboratory. Dogs with assemblage D shed significantly more cysts than dogs with other assemblages (except for mixed C/D results) or dogs in which no assemblage could be determined. None of the assemblages was significantly associated with loose stool. Conclusion Not only do dogs mainly shed the canid Giardia duodenalis assemblages D and/or C, the numbers of cysts per gram for the canid assemblage D were also higher than for the potential zoonotic assemblage AI. Based on the assemblages shed by dogs, the risk to public health posed by dogs is estimated to be low, even though the dogs that shed AI were synanthropic household dogs. Loose stool in infected dogs was not associated with any particular Giardia assemblage.

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Molecular epidemiology and multilocus sequence analysis of potentially zoonotic Giardia spp. from humans and dogs in Jamaica

Cited by 20 publications

References 51 publications

The first multilocus genotype analysis of Giardia intestinalis in humans in the Czech Republic

The first multilocus genotype analysis of Giardia intestinalis in humans in the Czech Republic

Giardiasis Epidemiology

Giardia duodenalis multi-locus genotypes in dogs with different levels of synanthropism and clinical signs

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