Molecular Epidemiology, Genomics, and Phylogeny of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

Hewson, Roger

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6106-6_5

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…CCHFV is genetically diverse arbovirus and analysis of complete and partial S segment sequences revealed the seven genetic lineages of CCHFV correlated with the geographical area of virus detection including Asia 1, Asia 2, Africa 1, Africa 2, Africa 3, Europe 1, and Europe 2 ( 80 – 82 ). Reassortment and recombination of segments that occurs with concurrent infections of vectors with viral strains of different lineages may lead to the emergence of new genetic variants of CCHFV ( 83 – 85 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Arab world: A systematic review

Perveen

Khan

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an important tick-borne viral infection with a fatality rate of up to 50% during outbreaks. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is sustained in the ecosystem in benign form through vertical and horizontal transmission cycles involving tick vectors, wildlife, and livestock. Hyalomma ticks are considered the major source of human infection. CCHF occurs most often among butchers, slaughterhouse workers, and farmworkers through infected tick bites or/and contact with blood and tissues of infected livestock. The nosocomial transmission can occur in auxiliary nurses and physicians through contact with the infected patients. The widespread distribution of CCHFV most probably occurred by ticks on migratory birds, or through international travel and trade of livestock and wildlife. During co-infections of ticks and vertebrates, reassortment among genome segments could play a significant role in generating diversity, and hence, a potential risk for the emergence of novel variants. In this systematic review, we aimed to determine the epidemiology, transmission, distribution, mortality, and clinical features of CCHF in 22 Arab countries, comprising the Arab world. Based on the analysis of 57 studies published from 1978 to 2021, we found 20 tick species that could be associated with CCHFV transmission. During the 43-year period, 321 cases of CCHF were reported from 9/22 Arab countries, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Sudan, Egypt, Tunisia, and Mauritania. The mean case fatality rate was 29% during various outbreaks. Individuals working in abattoirs/slaughter houses, livestock farms, and healthcare were most at risk. Contact with blood or body secretions from infected animals and patients was the most common mode of transmission. A number of different animals, including cattle, goats, sheep, and camels were reported to be seropositive for CCHFV. The highest seroprevalence was observed in camels (29%), followed by cattle (21%), goats (15%), and sheep (14%). We discuss these results in the context of policy-making and potential preventative measures that can be implemented to reduce the burden of CCHF in the Arab world.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Arab world: A systematic review

Perveen

Khan

2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…CCHFV is endemic in many pastoral rangelands where people, livestock and wild animals share common geographical locations (Blanco-Penedo et al, 2021). This interface brings together wild animals, livestock species, diverse species of ticks, and also humans, which provides the necessary conditions for active transmission of CCHFV from the infected animals, which also act as virus reservoirs, to the uninfected ones (Hewson, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure patterns and the risk factors of zoonotic Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus amongst pastoralists, livestock and selected wild animals species at the human/livestock/wildlife interface in Isiolo County, upper eastern Kenya

Mukhaye,

Akoko,

Nyamota

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by CCHF virus (CCHFV), and has a complex transmission cycle that involves a wide range of hosts including mammalian and some species of birds. We implemented a seroepidemiological study in Isiolo County, Kenya, to determine relative seroprevalences of CCHFV in pastoralists, livestock and in wild animals' species. In addition, we identified subject and environment level factors that influence exposure to CCHFV. Pastoralists (n = 580) and livestock (n = 2,137) were recruited into the study through a multistage random sampling technique, and addition, various species of wild animals (n = 87) were also sampled conveniently. Serum samples from all recruited subjects were collected and screened for CCHFV antibodies using ID.vet multispecies, double-antigen IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall anti-CCHFV IgG seroprevalences in pastoralists, cattle, goats, sheep and camels were 7.2% [95% CI: 3.1–15.8%], 53.9% [95% CI: 30.7–50.9%], 11.6% [95% CI: 7.2–22.5%], 8.6% [95% CI: 3–14%] and 89.7% [95% CI: 78–94%], respectively. On average, wild animals' hosts had CCHFV seroprevalence of 41.0% [95% CI: 29.1–49.4%], and giraffes had the highest seroprevalence of 75.0% [95% CI: 63.2–79.3%]. Analysis using mixed effects logistic regression models showed that CCHFV exposure in pastoralists was significantly associated with male gender, being over 30 years and belonging to a household with a seropositive herd. In livestock, mature animals, high normalized difference vegetation indices and high vapour pressure deficit were significantly associated with CCHFV exposure. Age, sex and species of wild animals were considered as the risk factors in the analysis, but none of these variables was significant (P-value = 0.891, 0.401 and 0.664 respectively). A look at the risk factors suggests that the environmental factors such as the NDVI (P-value = 0.032) and the vapour pressure deficit (P-value = 0.004) significantly influences CCHFV exposure in livestock, while the presence of infected animals in a household significantly influences pastoralists exposure (P-value = 0.041). CCHF control in livestock, for example by applying acaricides, could minimize the risk of CCHFV exposure to pastoralists. The key findings of this study will guide policymakers in disease control, and emphasize the need for regular surveillance of zoonotic diseases for emergency preparedness, and also contributes to knowledge on One-Health approach for improved health.

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“…Геном вируса ККГЛ представлен одноцепо чечной РНК отрицательной полярности, состоит из 3 сегментов: малого (S) -1670 п.о., среднего (М) -5360 п.о. и большого (L) -12160 п.о., кодирующих соответственно нуклеокапсидный белок (N), оболо чечные гликопротеины (G1, G2) и РНКзависимую РНКполимеразу (RdRp) [5,6].…”

unclassified

“…В настоящее время, на основании частичных и полных нуклеотидных последовательностей S и Lсегментов генома вируса ККГЛ выделяют 7 гено типов вируса, имеющих корреляцию с географиче ским местом выделения: генотип I или «Африка1», II или «Африка2», III или «Африка3», IVa или «Азия1», IVb или «Азия2», V или «Европа1», VI или «Европа2» [6]. Большинство случаев заболева ния КГЛ в России, Турции и на Балканском полуо строве вызваны вирусом с генотипом «Европа1», в пределах которого можно выделить несколько топовариантов: подгруппы «ВолгоградРостов Ставрополь», «СтавропольРостовАстрахань1», а также максимально генетически удаленные от про чих «Балканскую» подгруппу и «Астрахань2» [3].…”

unclassified

“…Анализ частичных и полных последовательно стей Mсегмента, позволяет выделить 5 генетиче ских групп: М1, М2, М3, М4 и М5 [6]. Все юж нороссийские изоляты вируса входят в группу M4, образуя 2 кластера, разделяющихся по географиче скому принципу: «ВолгоградРостовСтавопроль» и «СтавропольРостовАстрахань1» [8].…”

unclassified

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Genetic Monitoring of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in the South of the European Part of Russia

Волынкина

Куличенко

2012

Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii

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Presented are the results of gene-typing of CCHF virus detected in clinical samples from CHF patients from the Stavropol, Rostov and Astrakhan Regions in 2011. For 28 samples determined are nucleotide sequences of the fragments 115–652 (S segment) and fragments 984–1469 (M segment). Philogenetic analysis of these nucleotide sequences demonstrated that typical strains circulated in 2011 in the regions under surveillance, importation of the new genetic variants of the virus did not take place. CCHF virus variant affiliated to the subgroup “Astrakhan-2” was detected in the clinical samples for the first time and characterized for its genome S- and M-segment fragments.

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Molecular Epidemiology, Genomics, and Phylogeny of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Arab world: A systematic review

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in the Arab world: A systematic review

Exposure patterns and the risk factors of zoonotic Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus amongst pastoralists, livestock and selected wild animals species at the human/livestock/wildlife interface in Isiolo County, upper eastern Kenya

Genetic Monitoring of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in the South of the European Part of Russia

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