Molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii in Iran: endemic and epidemic spread of multiresistant isolates

Abstract

Several different multiresistant strains of A. baumannii were shown to circulate in Iran. The selection and spread of the SG1/ST2 clone might have been favoured by the acquisition of resistance genes in the absence of adequate infection control measures.

Significant spread of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii genotypes of clonal complex 92 among intensive care unit patients in a university hospital in southern Iran

“…In addition, we found a high prevalence (98 %) of the bla OXA-23 -like gene across different genotypes. These results are consistent with observations reported from various parts of the world, and they explain the high risk of failure of carbapenem treatment in A. baumannii infections [14,[29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

“…Our findings showed a high prevalence of A. baumannii isolates that were XRD, which agrees with other investigations conducted in Iran [14,28]. Resistance to carbapenems was common, and indeed 92 % of the isolates were resistant to all three of the tested carbapenems.…”

“…Such information is also essential to enable infection control professionals to develop and balance control strategies aimed at reducing the spread and disease burden of multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii in the hospital setting. Several valuable techniques have been utilized and have contributed to our understanding of the genotypic characterization of A. baumannii isolates in the healthcare setting: PFGE [9,12,13], multilocus sequence typing (MLST) [12,14,15] and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) [13,16].…”

“…According to studies conducted in several European countries, the majority of CRAB outbreaks in that region have been associated with ICL2 isolates harbouring the oxacillinase bla OXA-23 -like carbapenemase gene [2,12]. Epidemiological investigations have described dissemination of A. baumannii isolates belonging to clonal complex 92 (CC92), corresponding to ICL2, in two hospitals in northern Iran [14,16]. However, there is no available information indicating such spread in the hospital setting in southern Iran (i.e.…”

Molecular detection of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates

“…The organism's ability to spread among hospitalized patients and to persist for long periods along with multidrug resistance are the major driving forces behind the frequent large outbreaks in different countries [2]. Three decades ago, A. baumannii infections were treated with traditional antibiotics, but during the past two decades, A. baumannii resistant to a wide range of antibiotics including aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, broadspectrum β-lactams, and carbapenems has emerged [3].…”